The New England Colonies

Plymouth: 1620, Pilgrims (Separatist), William Bradford, Mayflower Compact, Wampanoag, Massoasoit, Squanto

Massachusetts Bay Company 1629: Governor John Winthrop, Puritan (Separatist), “A City on a hill,” Salem, Boston (1630), Great Migration, seat of power transferred to colony, churchmen considered “freemen”, bicameral division of legislature develops from joint-stock company charter (General Court: Governor, Deputies, Board of Magistrates, Freemen, Diversified economy (fishing, lumber, farming), 1692 Witch hunts

Connecticut, Rhode Island: Puritan order was readily challenged by many who subsequently established new colonies: Roger Williams, Anne Hutchinson, Thomas Hooker, and Samuel Gorton

The Chesapeake

Virginia Company: Chesapeake Bay, Joint-Stock company, Jamestown 1607, Powhatan, Pocahontas & John Rolfe, Opechancanough (1617 to 1645), Tobacco (1613), Cash-Crop, land & labor intensive (headright, indentured servants, Indian wars), family settlement, James I (1603-25), Algonquian, Winter Stresses 1609-10, 1624 Becomes Royal Colony.

Maryland: Charles I (1625-49), Land grant to Calverts in 1632 (proprietorship), feudal institutions, Catholic colony, tobacco.

Restoration Colonies (Carolinas, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey):

1. After the death of Oliver Cromwell, Protector of the English Common Wealth, the English Parliament restored the Stuart dynasty with Charles II in 1660. Subsequently, colonies were established through royal decree: Carolinas, Georgia as the “buffer colony”; New York/New Jersey: former Dutch Colony taken by force; Pennsylvania: Quakers, Wm. Penn's "Frame of Government" in 1682, religious freedom, egalitarian society.