Political Legacy: From Roman Law to Common Law:    Magna Charta 1215 (limits king's power to tax)     Parliament 1300s (Representative institution checking central authority)     English Civil War 1640s (Struggle between Catholic King and Protestant Parliament)     English Bill of Rights 1689 (document limiting the power of the king) Religious Legacy: Reformation to Protestants:    Martin Luther (attempts to reform Catholic Church)    Jean Calvin (popularizes concept of predestination giving birth to    Protestant movement)    Henry VIII (English King denied a divorce from Catherine of Aragon. He    separates from Catholic Church and creates the Church of England    [Anglican])    Separatist (religious movement advocating severance from the Church of England)    Charles V (King of Spain who lobbied the Catholic Church against Henry's VIII    divorce)    Puritans (religious movement advocating full divestiture of Catholicism) Economic Legacy:    Mercantilism (State-protected economic system)     neo-capitalism (Economic system relying on individuals)     Queen Elizabeth (16th century English Queen overseeing exploration of New World)     Francis Drake (Queen Elizabeth's agent for New World exploration) Settlement Patterns from Charters to:    Charter (King's authorization to settle the New World. Stipulates how the colony will       be administered)      Proprietorships (individual or joint-stock companies)      Royal Colonies (State sponsored settlements)      Religious Colonies (Puritan, Separatist, Congregationalist, Catholic

"Consensual Government on the Rise" & the "Habit for Self-government."

A. vested interest: individuals have a "stake" or "interest" in society. This leads to a proactive citizenry

1. "freemen" (individual who has a vested interest in a company and is able to vote) 2. joint-stocks (Trading company comprised of individuals who pool their finances to support New World ventures) 3. Headright (Distribution of land to individuals who would settle in the New World. The "head" or owner of the property exercised the "right" to vote in the Company and subsequently the colony) 4. Indenture Servants (Contractual relationship between individuals. The servant is sponsored  to the New World and must repay the debt by providing labor. After complying with the contract terms, land is granted to the servant) 5. Congregationalist: religious institution advocating self-governing churches.   6. Assemblies: secular institution advocating self-government 7. Boards: representatives elected to protect stock-holders interest in colonies

8. Mayflower Compact: Plymouth 1621 example of settlers seeking government by agreement 9. holy commonwealths;Settlers to New World attempt to create religious governments

10.democracy: concept encouraging rule by the majority [common-level]

11.republicanism: concept encouraging rule by all the people [democrats vs. aristocrats]

12.federalism: concept agreeing to an equitable distribution of powers

13 enlightenment: the Age of Reason

Two Colonial Societies: North & South

A. Socialization (or Culture Clash: Indians vs. Settlers)

1.assimilation (total absorption by the predominant group)

2.acculturation (selecting major cultural elements to survive)

3.pluralism (diversity with the predominant group)

4.internal colonialism (predominant group controls society)

Diverse Economy ("City on a Hill" vs. "Bastion of Capitalism"

1.capital-intensive economy  (economy based on the infusion of investment)

2. land/labor intensive economy (economy based on cash-crops and slavery)

Case Studies: New England, Chesapeake, Middle Colonies , Southern Colonies

1. New England as a Christian Commonwealth (Government by Religion):

a. Plymouth Colony 1620: William Bradford, Mayflower Compact of 1621(consensual

government) Massachusetts 1629: John Winthrop, General Court: Freeman, Assistants, Governor, Bicameral Legislature: power to tax and make laws Rhode Island 1636: Roger Williams, Anne Hutchinson, Providence, Separation of churchand State Connecticut 1636: Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (congregationalist & consensual government) New Hampshire & Maine 1622: Proprietorships 2. Chesapeake Bay: a.Virginia 1606 (joint-stock company): London Colony, Council of Seven, Jamestown 1607, John Smith, John Rolfe, Powhontan, Pocahontas, Opechancanough, tobacco (cash-crop)  bMaryland 1634 (Proprietorship): George Calvert (Lord Baltimore, Cecilius Calvert, tobacco, Catholic colony of St. Mary, Headright system, Representative Assembly, Act of Toleration (religious) Middle & Southern Colonies (State Initiated): New York New Jersey Pennsylvania (egalitarian colony) Delaware Fundamental Constitution of Carolina (John Locke, religious toleration) Georgia the buffer state (Military State)