The Tradition: Jeffersonians (Agrarain Democracy—vested w/property= participating citizenry vs. Hamiltonians (industrious individuals)

The Rural Problem: Supply-side economics (relationship between price/value vs. amout/supply

War-torned South competes with Mid & Southwestern Farmers

Mechanization increases production resulting in decreased farm prices World markets decrease

The Urban Problem: The "jungle"

External and Internal migration tax cities: crime, diseases, housing, education, and etc.

Political graft breed apathetic citizenry

The Responses: From Grangers + Populist = Progressive era (1890-1930s)

Political activism on the rise

National Railroad Strike of 1877

Graduated tax 16^th amendment

Popular election of Senators 17^th amendment

Prohibition 18^th amendment

Women's suffrage 19^th amendment

Secret ballot, recall, initiative, petition, referendum

Collective Bargaining, Child labor laws

In Search of New Ideas: Capitalism, Socialism, and Communism