MULTIPLE
CHOICE. This test contains 130 Multiple
Choice Questions. 10 questions from each
of the first 13 chapters exactly. Each Question is worth 0.769 points each. You have about 35 seconds to answer each
question (76 minutes total, so bring your pencil already sharpened!). Good Luck!
Chapter 01
1. What separates
pop psych from real psychology?
2.Which of
the following is NOT one of the critical-thinking guidelines listed in the
text? (you will be given 3 actual one
and one that is not)
3.What are
the biggest differences between the great thinkers of history and today's
psychologists?
4.Who are
each of the following people and why are they primarily important in the field
of psychology? Which was the first
person to announce that he intended to make psychology a science?
Joseph Gall.
E. B. Titchener. Sigmund Freud.
Wilhelm
Wundt. William
James.
5. Be able to
define each of these schools of thought.
What are the basic components of each?
A)Humanism B) Structuralism
C)Functionalism D) Behaviorism
6.Who was the
founder of functionalism?
7.Know the
important modern perspective in psychology. (be able to list them)
8.An
important movement in psychology that emerged in the early 1970s was? (hint it
was also a social movement in history, Think Hillary)
9.What are
the major professional activities of psychologists?
10.Be able to
identify which practitioners typically
have a Ph.D. or other doctoral degree in psychology? Which have M.D? Which may not have any D at all?
Chapter 02
11. Define the following terms
A)experiment B)
operational definition
C)theory
D)
hypothesis
12.An ideal
scientist should (list all that would apply)
13.An
advantage of case studies is ?
14.What
method would be most appropriate to study maternal behavior in
chimpanzees?
15.An advantage
of an experiment is?
16.An
advantage of a survey is?
17 What is a single blind study? Why do it?
What is a double blind study?
What is the main purpose?
18.Statistical
significance means what?
19.Why are cross-sectional
studies important? What do they allow
researchers to determine?
20.Why do psychologists study animals?
Chapter 03
21.What does
nativism emphasize?
22.________
emphasizes the evolutionary mechanisms that might help explain similarities in
behavior.
23.What are
genes? What are chromosomes? What are genetic markers? What is a genome? Which one of the above are the functional units of heredity that code
for the structure of proteins?
24.How do evolutionary
psychologists view the mind?
25.Know the
support for the existence of an innate language acquisition device?
26.________
is the founder of the field of sociobiology.
27.Sociobiologists
predict that, compared to females, males are….. (think sexual behavior
patterns)
28.What can
heritability explain for us?
29.Do estimates of the heritability of
intelligence increase or decrease with age or stay the same?:
30.What do
each of the following have in common as it related to mental ability?
Stressful family circumstances
Poor prenatal
care
Malnutrition
Chapter 04
31.What are
the two parts of the central nervous system?
32.What are
the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
33.What is
the part of a neuron that sends information to other cells?
34.What
happens when an action potential reaches the axon terminal?
35.What
substances play a role in suppressing pain and promoting pleasure?
36.What
structure in the brain plays a role in drives associated with survival of the
individual and the species?
37.What
structure is referred to as the body's "master gland" because it
controls many other endocrine glands?
38.What brain
structure evaluates incoming sensory information and determines its emotional
importance?
39.What
structure was surgically removed from H.M.'s brain causing him to have severe
memory problems?
40.Which lobe
of cortex processes auditory information?
Visual information? Somatosensory
information?
Chapter 05
41. What is a circadian rhythm?
42.The pineal
gland secretes ________, a hormone that helps to keep the biological clock in
phase with the light-dark cycle.
43.Know the
research about PMS ?
44.There are
________ stages of NREM sleep.
45.In
________, a person experiences sudden unpredictable and irresistible attacks of
sleepiness during the day.
46.The
________ theory of dreaming suggests that dreaming is simply a continuation of
our daytime thinking.
47.A ________
drug causes disruption of normal thought processes such as the perception of
time and space.
48.________
is an example of a depressant drug.
49.________
refers to a person's expectations about the effects of a drug.
50.The
dissociation theory of hypnosis was proposed by whom?
Chapter 06
51. How many
senses do experts agree humans have (not a common sense question)
52.Johannes Muller's doctrine of specific nerve
energies describes what form of coding?
53. What
allows a researcher to distinguish between a person's response bias and his or
her actual sensory capacity.
54. The color
or hue that we perceive is related to the ________ of light.
55. What are
the differences between rods and cones?
56.Hubel and
Wiesel discovered feature detector cells that respond selectively to what?
57.The Gestalt
psychologists were especially interested in research about what kind of
perception?
58.The
auditory receptors are located in the what specific part?
59.The
gate-control theory helps to explain the perception of which human experience?
60.What are critical
periods? How can they effect
development? What research about kittens
helped to discover this?
Chapter 07
61.In Pavlov's studies of classical
conditioning in dogs, know what each of the following was in the experiment?
A)conditioned
response B) unconditioned stimulus
C)conditioned
stimulus D) unconditioned response
62.________
occurs when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented with the
unconditioned stimulus.
A)Stimulus
generalization B) Spontaneous
recovery
C)Learning D) Extinction
63. you will
be provided with examples and will have to know which of the following applies
to the situation .
A)spontaneous
recovery B) stimulus generalization C)extinction
64.In the
"Little Albert" study, what was the unconditioned stimulus?
65.Be able to
identify a difference between classical and operant conditioning? (not just by
definition either)
66.be able to
identify a secondary reinforcer among choices.
Be able to identify primary reinforcers among choices.
67.What procedure
would be used to teach pigeons to play ping pong?
68.Which of
the following would be most effective in eliminating a phobia in an adult?
69.Edward
Tolman demonstrated ________ in his study of rats who initially received no
reinforcement in a maze.
70.Social-learning
theory, developed initially by Dollard and Miller, proposes that most human learning
is a result of what type of learning?
Chapter 08
71.In the
Stanford prison study, what was it that caused the guards to treat the
prisoners harshly?
72.Explain
how each of the following types of errors can be used to explain either error
in our own behavior or in others.
73. how might familiarity and validity be used
as common reasons for a change of attitude?
74. What is one of the most common but least
effective techniques for trying to change someone's attitude?
75.List the signs of groupthink?
76.What is
the most common explanation of bystander apathy?
77.list some
ways that stereotypes distort reality?
78.Who
conducted an experiment on conformity in which people were asked to judge the
length of lines?
79. List some reasons that people conform to
social pressure?
80. List the types
of functions served by prejudice?
Chapter 09
81. know what each of the following are by
definition A)proposition B) cognitive heuristic
C)prototype D) cognitive schema
82. what type of process lies outside of
awareness, but can be brought into consciousness when necessary?
83. Be able to differentiate between formal and
informal reasoning?
84. In the ________ stages, people assume that a
correct answer always exists and can be obtained through the senses or from
authorities.
85 know each of the following terms A)Mental
set B) Confirmation bias
C)Hindsight bias D) The availability heuristic
86.________
is a state of tension that exists when a person simultaneously holds two
cognitions that are inconsistent with one another.
87._What type
of intelligence refers to the practical application of intelligence.
88.To qualify
as a language, a communication system must meet all of the following criteria
EXCEPT:
A)productivity.
B) displacement.
C)meaningfulness. D) metacognition.
89.Which of
the following animals learned to understand English words, short sentences, and
keyboard symbols without formal training?
A)Alex, an
African gray parrot B) Sultan, a
chimpanzee
C)Kanzi, a
bonobo D) Rico, a border collie
90.________
is the tendency to falsely attribute human qualities to nonhuman beings.
A)Anthropomorphism B) Cognitive ethology
C)Human
bias D) Anthropodenial
Chapter 10
91 Know the following types of memory A)Episodic B) Semantic
C) Flashbulb D) Declarative
92. What is
confabulation?
93.Which of
the following is NOT related to errors in eyewitness testimony?
A)Leading
questions and suggestive comments are made in interviews of the witness.
B)The
ethnicity of the suspect differs from that of the witness.
C)The witness
is not very confident about his/her recollection.
D)Misleading
information is presented to the witness.
94. Know the following terms by definition A)Recall
B) Implicit memory
C)Recognition D) Explicit memory
95.In the
three-box model of memory, ________ has a capacity of seven plus or minus two
chunks of information.
96.The
________ model represents information as flowing from one system to
another.
97.Know the
various types of long term memory.
98.In work
with rabbits, Richard Thompson showed that one type of procedural memory, classical
conditioning of an eye blink response, depends on activity in which part of the
brain?
99.Know how
each of the following effect memory. A)interference B) cue-dependent
C)replacement D) decay
100.What are
the possible explanations of childhood amnesia according to the text?
Chapter 11
101.________
are considered to be universal and biologically based.
102. Which of the following is a secondary
emotion?
A)anger B) love
C) disgust D) fear
103.Ekman and
his colleagues gathered evidence supporting the universality of (how many?)
facial expressions of emotion?
104.Infants
begin to alter their behavior in response to adult facial expressions at about what age?
105.________
is the process by which the facial muscles send messages to the brain about the
basic emotion being expressed.
106.List the factors that influences a person's ability to
recognize facial expressions?
107. What part of the brain is responsible for quickly
assessing danger or threat?
108.What are
the first emotion words learned by a child?
109.How do men and women differ in terms of expressing
emotions?
110.List
healthy ways to cope with anger?
Chapter 12
111. Be able to pick out examples of
extrinsic motivation? And of intrinsic motivation.
112.________ theory refers to a genetically determined
weight range for an individual that is maintained by biological
mechanisms.
113.What
percent of American children and teenagers are now overweight or obese?
114. List the
cultural factors causing a worldwide rise in weight?
115. A person
with a(n) ________ attachment style will find that others are reluctant to get
as close as he would like and he worries that his partner won't stay with
him.
116.Over time
________ typically decreases in relationships.
117.Which of
the following motives for sex do men endorse most strongly?
118. List the conditions that increase the
motivating power of a goal?
119.what is
the difference between approach goals and avoidance goals?
120.Which of
the following is NOT one of the top four psychological needs identified in a
study of
A)security B) autonomy
C) relatedness D) competence
Chapter 13
121.By the
end of the twentieth century, biological research was demonstrating that about
half of the variation in personality traits was due to:
A)psychological
factors. B) cultural factors.
C)brain
differences. D) genetic variation.
122.In
psychoanalysis, the part of the personality that represents reason and good
sense and responds to reality is called:
123.__you
will be given a scenario and will have to choose which defense mechanism best
fits it.
A)Denial B) Projection
C)Sublimation D) Displacement
124. Know Freud’s psychosexual stages of personality
development
125. which major trait theorist recognized that
not all traits have equal weight and significance in people's lives?
126. Know the Big Five Personality traits
127.________
is an estimate of the proportion of the total variance in some trait among
individuals within a group that is attributable to genetic differences.
A)Factor
analysis B) Heritability
C)Reciprocal
determinism D) Congruence
128.________
is defined as a two-way interaction between aspects of the environment and
aspects of the individual in the shaping of personality traits.
A)Parallel
interaction B) Social-cognitive
interaction
C)Reciprocal
determinism D) Nature-nurture
theory
129. Compare members of individualist cultures to
those in collectivist cultures
130.David is
struggling with the concept of free will and the way in which it confers on us
responsibility for our actions. This is an emphasis in the personality theory
of which famous humanist?