Sociology
Mr. McGowan
Final Exam
Review
1.
The
first person to propose that the scientific method could be applied to the
study of social life was ?
2.
The
notion that only the fittest members of society deserve to survive and that
social programs to help the poor will ultimately weaken the social order is a
doctrine known as ?
3.
Karl
Marx suggested that the force which drives human history and is at the core of
human progress is what?
4.
The
early European sociologist known for his work on suicide and social integration
was whom?
5.
Who
came up with the phrase “survival of the fittest" ?
6.
What
is Jane Addams remembered for most?
7.
The
first African American to earn a doctorate from Harvard University, spent his
lifetime studying race relations in America, and was one of the founders of the
NAACP was ?
8.
Explain
each of the following: A)latent dysfunctions B) manifest functions C) latent functions
9.
What
do functionalists generally about the family as it exists today
?
10.
Karl
Marx believed
the key element in understanding human history is to understand what?
11.
In
terms of studying society, functionalist and conflict theorists tend to focus
on what level? What about symbolic interactionsists?
12.
Jewelry,
art, hairstyles and clothing each represent examples what type of culture?
13.
In
1906 sociologist William Sumner made the comment, "One's own group is the
center of everything, and all others are scaled and rated with reference to
it." This statement is most aligned with what concept?
14.
What
are gestures and how are they used?
15.
Define
each of the following terms: A)mores B)
sanctions C) values D) norms
16.
What
is the difference between a negative sanction and a positive sanction? Give an example of each.
17.
Know
each of the following terms and how they might be applied: A)subdominant culture B) underground culture C)subculture D) counterculture
18.
What
is meant by the "Nature
vs. Nurture" argument regarding socialization?
19.
How
is intimate early social interaction important when it comes to isolated and
institutionalized children?
20.
The
symbolic interactionist who taught at the
21.
Explain
how gender socialization works.
Summarize the information from the text about it.
22.
Who
is socialized to be more dependent males or females?
23.
The
primary source of gender socialization is?
24.
The
conclusion Melissa Milkie reached after analyzing the
influence that movies and television had on the social development of children
was?
25.
Individuals
who are approximately the same age, linked by common interests, and include
classmates and the "kids in the neighborhood" are most appropriately
referred to as?
26.
What
have researchers found about the more hours per week that children were in
daycare per week and the bond between mothers?
27.
What
is the difference between micro and macro level of analysis?
28.
Know
what each of the following are: social class,social status, role, class, status, category
29.
Signs
that identify a position in society someone occupies are referred to as
________. 33) ______
30.
Those
expectations that define appropriate or inappropriate behavior for the occupant
of a status are ?
31.
The
organized, usual, or standard ways by which society meets its basic needs are
referred to as ________.
32.
The
notion that the mass media represents the varied interests of many groups would
reflect a position consistent with ________ theory.
33.
Theorists
who would argue that the mass media represents the interests of society's
political and economic elites would be most aligned with the ________ perspective.
34.
The
social institution primarily responsible for the production and distribution of
goods and services is the ________.
35.
Ferdinand
Tonnies' term for the type of society he referred to
as "the intimate community" was ________. The term he used to
describe the type of society characterized by "impersonal
association" was ________.
36.
Hilda
is studying at the library. She has placed her coat on the chair next to her
and has spread books in front of the other chairs. Hilda is trying to extend
her ________ so others do not invade it.
37.
People
who interact with one another and think of themselves as belonging together are
referred to as a[n] ________.
38.
The
largest and most complex type of group is ________.
39.
Of
the following types of societies, the one with the fewest social divisions is
the ________ society.
40.
Of
all types of societies, the ________ society is the most egalitarian.
41.
The
so-called "dawn of civilization" occurred soon after the ________.
42.
Which
of the following changes in society was not the result of the development of
the agricultural society?
43.
A
society that is based on the harnessing of machines powered by fuels is called
a[n] ________ society.
44.
Sociologically,
all college women who belong to a sorority would be called ________.
45.
Because
secondary groups do not satisfy our human needs for intimate associations,
these groups tend to ________.
46.
Of
the following groups, the one that plays the most significant role in the
development of self is the ________.
47.
Groups
we use as standards to evaluate ourselves are called ________ groups.
48.
The
link between people, their cliques, their families, friends, and acquaintances
are called ________.
49.
Mark
has been working at the Palisades Insurance Company for two years. During this
time, he has attended all the company functions, joined one of the established
churches in the community, and is a member of the Chamber of Commerce. His
participation in these various groups and events is termed ________.
50.
The
conclusion Milgram reached based on his small group
phenomenon experiment was:
51.
With
respect to group size, Georg Simmel
noted that ________.
52.
The
smallest possible group is classified as a ________.
53.
How
groups influence us and how we affect groups is referred to as ________.
54.
According
to Simmel, which of the following groups is the most
unstable?
55.
In a
triad there are ________ potential relationships. In a group of seven there are
________ potential relationships.
56.
Which
traits are most characteristic of a leader?
57.
The
leadership style that has a tendency to encourage either aggressive or
apathetic behavior among group members with aggressive members growing
increasingly hostile towards their leader is ________.
58.
As
the instrumental leader of a group, your responsibility would be to ________.
59.
The
concept of "groupthink" was developed by ________.
60.
Solomon
Asch's experiment on group conformity demonstrated what?
61.
In
group decision making, a form of tunnel vision that develops in which suggested
alternatives are perceived as signs of disloyalty is called ________.
62.
A
specific form of
norms that are written into a comprehensive code and enforced by the state are
________.
63.
Erving
Goffman used the term ________ to refer to
characteristics that discredit people.
64.
During
World War II, many Japanese pilots committed suicide by crashing their planes
loaded with explosives into
65.
Ritualistic
procedures intended to humiliate norm violators and mark them as not being
worthy to be members of a group are called ________.
66.
In
any society, what is the primary role of norms?
67.
Based
on differential association theory, delinquents are more likely to come from
________.
68.
Susie
is a first year college student. Although she wants to be popular, she has
refused invitations to attend underage drinking parties. She fears the shame
and disappointment it may create for her parents if she happened to be
arrested. Such a situation demonstrates a quality of control theory called
________.
69.
By
focusing attention on the significance of the meanings that names and
reputations have for people, labeling theory reflects the ________ perspective.
70.
The
theory developed by Robert Merton is based on the idea that most people want to
attain cultural goals, but not everyone has the legitimate means of achieving
them is ________ theory.
71.
According
to strain theory, the underlying cause of deviance is that people experience a
sense of normlessness. This sense of normlessness is referred to as ________.
72.
At
the core of the theory of deviance popularized by Richard Cloward
and Lloyd Ohlin is that deviance and crime are
created primarily because of differences in the ________ of the environment
where people live.
73.
Based
on strain theory, the most common mode of adaptation is ________.
74.
Conflict
theorists classify the few who own the means of production as ________ and
those who sell their labor to these owners as ________.
75.
People
who rank close to one another in wealth, power, and prestige constitute what
Max Weber called a ________.
76.
The
primary dimension of social class is ________.
77.
The
money someone receives as wages, rent, interest, royalties, or business
interest is collectively referred to as ________.
78.
Which
of the following statements most accurately describes the distribution of property
among Americans?
79.
According
to the textbook, the most affluent group in the
80.
Mary
is a high school dropout who does laundry services for families in the
apartment complex where she lives. Although she has the potential to do
steadier work that would pay more, reading the want-ads is too challenging for
her. Based on this information, Mary is probably a member of the ________.
81.
What
did the research by Kohn suggest as being the primary influence upon the
parents in what they emphasized as they reared their children?
82.
As
one's social class decreases, their chances of being a victim of crime
________.
83.
Politically,
the class of people who are more likely to feel that
the government should intervene in the economy to make citizens financially
secure are the ________.
84.
When
individuals experience sudden status inconsistency created by an unexpected
event, such as winning a multimillion dollar lottery jackpot, they are likely
to experience a condition sociologists call
________.
85.
How
does social class affect one's political choices in regards to their party
affiliation and pattern of voting behavior?
86.
Numercially,
the majority of the poor in the
87.
Liberals
and conservatives alike agree on three major points to reduce the high rate of
child poverty in
88.
The
classic experiment addressing the power of peer pressure that included six
"stooges" and one actual test subject was the ________.
89.
Define
the following terms: common sense, neutrality,
objectivity, basic sociology, applied sociology , values, norms,
90.
Folkways,
taboo
