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Good Luck on the Final!

Jing

1. What are the different structures of three phyla of protazoa used for their movement? (3x1.5=4.5pts)

Amoebas> Pseudopods
Euglenozoa> Flagellum
Ciliophora> Cilia

2. choose the best description for each staining principle or result:
simple staining, negative staining, gram staining, endospore staining, capsule stain (5x1.5=7.5pts)

a) Gram positive bacteria will be stained (Dark purple/Pink) by the gram staining.
b) The staining procedures that use only one stain are called__________staining.
c) A stain method that stains the background but leaves the bacteria unstained is called___________staining.
d) This is a structural staining method, during the procedure the heat is usually applied to drive the stain into this structure which is impermeable to most stains, this is __________staining. ( we did this staining in the lab)
e) This is also a structural staining, you will see the thick bright lay outside the bacteria, this structure has a very important role in the virulence of some bacteria. This is ________ staining ( we observed the prepared slide of this staining in the lab)

3. The growth of bacteria can be influenced by different environmental conditions like Oxygen Concentration, Temperature, Osmotic pressure, pH, etc. So if you have two different bacteria, how will you design a experiment trying to define their growth in two of the conditions listed above, and how to analyze the results. (6pts)

4. choose from the list:
Oxidative catabolism, Fermentative catabolism, Hydrolytic enzymes, Gas, Neutral product acetoin, lactose fermentation, urease, Deamination, decarboxylation, Kovacs reagent, Hydrogen sulfide(H2S), MIO culture medium (12x1.5=18pts)

The MRVP test is used to distinguish between organisms that produce large amounts of acid from glucose and those that produce the ______________________

OF medium is a nutrient semisolid agar deep to determine whether an organism _______________________ or ________________________

The urea agar is used to detect the enzyme ____________ produced by bacteria.

The litmus milk is used to detect the hydrolysis of casein to soluble amino acids and peptide fragments, it can also be used to detect the __________________________

The removal of amino group from the amino acid is called________________,

On the starch plate, the bacteria can produce the _____________________to hydrolyze the polysaccharide starch into smaller carbohydrates.

The fermentation tube is used to detect acid and _____________ production from carbohydrates.

The removal of carbon dioxide from amino acid is called__________________

___________medium is a single culture medium in which motility, ornithine decarboxylase activity and indole production can be determined, and _______________ is used to detect indole product.

To detect _____________production, a heavy-metal salt containing ferrous ion(Fe2+) is added to a nutrient culture medium.

5. Briefly describe the four steps of KOCH's postulate (4pts)