NASA News: Come up with three questions per team that you will ask the class.

      Slide 1: Two main features of the Moon

                1. Highlands (Terra)

                2. Lowlands (Maria)

                    Button: Compare to Earth

                    Highlighted: Highlands: older and heavily cratered

                    Highlighted: Cratered: Cratered
                                    Caldera: Caldera:no raised rims

                    Highlighted Maria: Basaltic Lava Flows, (seas)
                            EX: Basalt samples from earth

                        Highlighted Basalt:

                        Highlighted: Mare: singular of Maria

                               Highlighted:  Basaltic Lava
       Slide 2: Features found on the moon. Craters, Volcanic Flows, Tectonic Features, No Atmosphere, No water.

                    Highlighted: Tectonic: The folding and faulting of a planets crust.

                    Highlighted: Atmosphere: the sphere of gas surrounding a planet including water vapor

       Slide 3: The Far side of the moon

                    Only photographed from space craft. Why?

                    Older and more cratered than the Earth side of the Moon.

       Slide 4: The orbit, Rotation and Revolution of the Moon.

            Why are they the same?

       Slide 5: There were six mission to the Moon. 3 Astronauts per mission. 2 astronauts per mission went to

        Assignment: calculate your weight on the Moon. Divide your weight by 6.

    Button: Compare to Earth (it's as large as Texas)
    Highlighted: Multi-Ringed Basin

the impacts. This type of rock is called Breccia.

    Highlighted: Breccia: rock made from the jagged broken pieces of other rocks andMinerals

    EX: Show samples of Breccia

    EX: Feldspar

                Highlighted: Magma Ocean: 4.5 Billion years ago it was molten 4.4 Billion years ago solid crust started forming creating the early highlands

Magma
Lava

        Slide 16:After the crust cools magma flooded the low lying areas forming maria.

                Button: Compare to Earth

        Slide 17: Formation of Maria starts with a meteor impact.

        Slide 18: cracks in the crust allow Maria to flow to the surface filling low areas.

        Slide 19: Rilles: rilles are stream like valleys on the moon.
                Does the moon have water to form valleys?

                What could flow on the surface and cause valleys?

            Highlighted: Rilles: note the lunar dune buggy

            Highlighted: Lava Flows

            Button: Compare to Earth

        Slide 20:Rilles ended up being about 3 billion years old. 1.4 billion years younger than the highlands.

        Slide 22: Pyroclastic : pyro=fire, clastic=broken

             Highlighted: pyroclastic

            Button: compare to Earth

        Slide 23: The soil is made of frozen droplets of lava

        Slide 24: the orange droplets contain high amounts of titanium

        Slide 25: Highlighted: Cinder cones form from pyroclastic eruptions

                Highlighted: Compare to Earth

        Slide 26: Wrinkle Ridges: Tectonic features caused by the cooling of the Moon's crust.

                Highlighted: Wrinkle Ridges

        Slide 27: Highlighted: Landslides: gravity pulls material downward.

                Highlighted: Falls: occur at the base of cliffs

                Highlighted: Flows: flow across large flat areas on water or air.

                Highlighted:Slides: large sections of slope move down hill and pile up at the base of the slope
         Slide 28: Large flows occur on the moon and travel over many kilometers

                Highlighted: Compare to Earth. Giant flows kilometers long

        Slide 29: The Structure of the Moon

                Crust: made of Feldspar
                Mare: Basalt
                Mantle: Olivine and Pyroxene (Minerals in Basalt)
                Core: Possibly Metallic

        Slide 30: Moon Formation

        Slide 31: Formation demonstration of a major impact forming the moon.

        Slide 32: The combining of metallic cores on Earth.

        Slide 33: Summary

1. Giant Impact
2. Ocean of Magma
3. Light feldspar crust forms
4. Period of impacts
5. Large multi-ringed basins
6. Maria forms
7. No wind or water erosion
8. Light tectonic features from cooling
9. Landslides form gravity

Earth’s Moon pp. 39-44

Activating Prior Knowledge

Hold up a rock.

Have them imagine that this rock was the size of a large building moving through space

Have them imagine it coming through earths atmosphere and hitting the earth.

What do you think would happen?

Discover: Why do craters look diferent from each other?

Items Used: Sand and 3 different size objects.

Procedure:

Assign Reading

            Guide for Reading

• Reading Question "What features of the moon can be seen with a telescope?
• " How did the Apollo landings help scientists learn about the moon?
Reading Tip
• As you read write down ways the moon’s surface is similar to the earth’s.

• Would you want to vacation on the moon?
• Consider that temperatures range from 100 degrees Celsius, to –170 degrees Celsius
• There is no air
• Space suits weigh over 90 kilograms or nearly 190 lbs
• Gravity is only 1/6 that of earth (divide your weight by 6)
• So astronauts could leap higher than basketball players even with space suits.
• Would you still want to travel there?

• When scientists measured the size of the moon they found that it was about ¼ the size of the earth.
• When they measure the gravity of the moon they find it is 1/6 that of earth.
• Gravity depends on the density and mass of an object. If two o\bjects are the same size and one has less gravity it is less dense.
• This told scientists that the moon is made up of lighter or less dense rock similar to the rock on the crust of the earth.
• The moon didn’t have as much of an Iron core as the earth did.
• Could the Moon be made of the Earth’s Crust?
• Many people have wondered how the moon may have formed.
• Was it formed somewhere else and capture?
• Did it form the same time as the earth?
• Was it formed by a collision that blasted of earth which formed the moon?
• One clue that gives us a hint is that from testing lunar racks we find that the moon is about 1 billion years younger that the earth.
• See figure 19 to discuss the current theory.

1. 4.5 billion years ago a large object the size of Mars struck the Earth with a Glancing Blow.
2. This ripped off a large portion of the Earth’s molten crust.
3. The Earth Being molten quickly reformed
4. The blasted part of the earth still molted collected into a large droplet caught in earth’s gracity.
5. This later became the moon
6. This may explain why the earth does not have a full crust but a series of small continetal plates that do not completely cover the earth’s surface, which are made of basically the same material as the moon.

• For thousands of years people considered moon and could see shapes on it’s surface but we didn’t know what they were.
• Many people thought that the moon was a perfect heavenly body made by God as a perfect sphere in the heavens.
• About 400 years ago we finally developed technology that let us veiw the moon more closely.
• This device was called a telescope and Galileo Galilei and italian astronomer in 1609 made one to veiw the moon.
• With this telescope he could see the moon wasn’t perfectly smooth but had craters mountains and ridges.
• The round pits were craters some thousands of miles across.
• What would these compare to on earth? Volcanoes so originally crates were thought to be volcanoes.
• About 50 years ago scientists concluded that these round pits may be caused by meteor impacts.
• Galileo also saw large smooth areas that were darker than the hills and the mountains. What would they compare to on earth? Seas
• Galileo thought the same thing so he called them Maria a latin word for seas.
• Mare singular Maria Plural (show the globe and name some of the seas. So Galileo pictured the Moon like earth with seas and continents covered with mountains.)
• Today we know that they are not seas but large oceans of frozen lava that poured out on the surface billions of years ago, possibly from meteor impacts. The side facing earth has more maria than the side facing away. Why would that be?

• We have talked about the Space Race between the Russians and the US in the late 50’s and early 60’s through the 70’s. To show the Russians who was best we decided to go to the moon.
• President Kennedy in 1961 gave his famous speech about going to the moon by the end of the decade read section to the class
• Between 1964 and 1972 the US and Soviet Union sent menay spaceships and probes to the moon to learn more about it.
• No-one knew what it was like was it so soft and dusty that spacecraft would be swallowed up by the dust and sink?
• The Surveyor spacecraft tested the surface by landing on the moon and it didn’t sink
• Lunar Orbiter space craft orbited the moon and photographed it trying to find safe places to land.
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