What is Wicca?
Wicca(sometimes called Wicce, The Craft, or The Old Religion by its practitioners), is an ancient religion for love of life and nature.
In prehistoric times, people respected the great forces of Nature and celebrated the cycles of the seasons and the moon. They saw divinity in the sun and moon, in the Earth herself, and in all life. The creative energies of the universe were personafied: femenine and masculine principles became Gods and Goddesses. These were not semi-abstract, superhuman figures set apart from Nature, they were embodies in earth and sky; women and men, and even plants and animals.
This viewpoint is still central in present-day Wicca. To most Wiccans everything in Nature--and all Gods and Goddessess--are true aspects of Deity.The aspects most often celebrated in the Craft, however, are the Triple Goddess of the Moon(Who is Maiden, Mother, and Crone) and the Horned God of the Wilds.These have many names in various cultures.
Wicca had its organized beginnings in Paleolithic times, co-existed with other Pagan religions in Europe, and had a profound influence on early Christianity. But in the medieval period, tremendous prosecution was directed against the Nature religions by the Roman Church. Over a span of hundreds of years, millions of men and women and children were hanged, drowned, or burned as accused Witches. The Church indicted them for black magic and Satan worship, though in fact these were never a part in the Old Religion.
The Wiccan faith went underground, to be practiced in small, secret groups called covens. For the most part, it stayed hidden until very recent times. Now scholars such as Margaret Murray and Gerald Gardner have shed some light on the origins of the Craft, and new attitudes of religious freedom have allowed covens in some ares to risk becoming more open.
How do Wiccan folk practice their faith today? There is no central authority or doctrine, and individual covens vary a great deal. But most meet to celebrate on nights of the Full Moon and at eight great festivals or Sabbats throughout the year.
Though some practice alone or with only their families, many Wiccans ar eorganized into covens of three to thirteen members. Some are led by a High Priestess or Priest, many by a Priestess/Priest teams, others rotate or share leadership. Some covens are highly structed or hierarchical, while others may be informal and egalitarian. Often extensive training is required before initiation, and coven membership is considered an important commitment.
There are many branches or "traditions" of Wicca in the United States and elsewhere, such as Gardnerian, Alexandrian, Welsh Traditional, Dianic, Faery, Seax-Wicca and others. All adhere to a code of ethics. None engage in the disreputable practices of some modern "cults", such as isolating and brainwashing, impressionable, lonely young people. Wiccans welcome sisters and brothers, but not disciples, followers or victims.
Coven meetings include ritual, celebration, and magick (the "K" is to distinguish it from stage illusions). Wiccan magick is not at all like the instant "special effects" of cartoon shows or fantasy novels, nor medieval demonology, it operates in harmony with natural laws and is usually less spectacular though effective. Various techniques are used to heal people and animals, seek guidance, or improve members' lives in specific ways. Positive goals are sought; cursing and "evil spells" are repugnant to practitioners of the Old Religion.
Wiccans tend to be strong supporters of environmental protection, equal rights, global peace and religious freedom, and sometimes magick is used toward such goals.
Wiccan beliefs do not include such Judeao-Christian concepts as original sin, vicarious atonement, divine judgement or bodily resurrection. Craft folk believe in beneficent universe, the laws of karma and reincarnation, and divinity inherent in every human being and all of Nature. Yet laughter and pleasure are a part of the spiritual religion, and they enjoy singing, dancing, feasting and love.
Wiccans tend to be indvidualists, and have no central holy book, prophet, or church authority. They draw inspiration and insight from science and personal experience. EAch practitioner keeps a personal book or journal in which he/she records magickal "recipe", dreams, invocations, songs, poetry and so on.
To most of the Craft, every religiion has it own valueable perspective of the nature of Deity and humanities relationship to it, there is no One True Faith. Rather, religious diversityis necesary in a world of dierse societies and individuals. Because of this belief, Wiccan grousp do not actively recruit or proselytize; there is an assumption that people who can benefit from the Wiccan way will "find their way home" when the time is right.
Despite the lack of evangelist zeal, many covens are quite willing to talk with interested people, and even make efforts to inform their communities about the beliefs and practices of Wicca. |
