Biographical Data

An Unifyiong Approach to Consciousness and Matter

THE HYDROGEN ATOM AND MOLECULE

Introductory Remarks

The hydrogen molecule is comprised of patterns of synchronous folds of force and form. Our discussion of the nature of hydrogen, its isotopes, its rotation, and its spinning nuclei does not mean that hydrogen as a form and an element results from or is an effect of these synchronous folds. For a discussion of synchronous folds, see the article on Strings, Loops, and Synchonous Folds It means only that we are discussing things that are coexistent with the manifestation of hydrogen. No concept of an unilateral sequence of events leading to hyrogen should be assumed. Hydrogen as a form of consciousness in evolution pulls patterns of organized synchronous folds to itself in order for hydrogen to become manifested to us human beings who are dependent upon space-time units to become aware of objects and things.

Under the enfolding universe, the first manifestation of of phenomena that rotates is that of the hydrogen atom, with the rotation resulting from the equilibrium between outonic and intonic synchronous folds. The hydrogen atom results from the union of outonic and intonic unitons. which being of unlike kind are attracted one to the other. In the hydrogen atom, there is an equal probability that its inner core or nucleus is that of either synchronous folds of outonic untons or synchronous folds of intonic unitons, which the outer layer of outonic cores being comprised of intonic unitons and the outer layer of intonic cores being comprised of outonic unitons.

Rotation as the first manifestation of motion is clearly distinguished from force. Much of what science treats as motion is either force or the operative effect of a progressive, recessional, or synchronous reference system. In the enfolding universe, there can be an energy-less synchronous transfer of energy from one system to another. Moreover, an unit of manifestation may have component synchronous folds dependent upon one another without the unit of manifestation being in motion relative to other units of manifestation. Hydrogen as a result of union of outonic and intonic unitons can be explained either as the affect of the interaction between centripetal and centrifugal forces, with the interaction establishing the rotation of the hydrogen atom or as a result of the merger of unlike synchronous folds with one another, with the unlike folds giving rise to rotation and the capacity of motion. At the same time, unlike synchronous folds may have the capacity of motion under the fixed, Cartesian reference system without the capacity of motion under the progressive, recessional, or synchronous reference systems.

The nucleus of the hyrdogen atom does not ordinarily spin. Its rotation developes from the equilibrium between outonic and intonic synchronous folds. But this equilibrium does not lead to the capacity of its nucleus to spin. A further merger is required, and its nucleus must merge with dissimilar folds of another hydrogen atom for spinning to occur. An isotope of atomic hydrogen, deuterium, does have a spinning nucleus where components parts of diatomic hydrogen that has a spinning nucleus become disassociated. spin

The nuceus of atomic hydrogen does not spin for the reason that the synchronous folds of both the nucleus and the outer layer rotate together as an unit. This rotational equilibium is present even though the nucleus of atomic hydrogen may be either outonic or intonic. The contrasting nature of the synchronous folds of outonic and intonic nuclei and of their outonic or intonic outer layers result in their attraction one to and to diatomic hydrogen and its spinning nuclei. Only where this rotational equilibrium is interfered with and nuclear disassociation takes place, the nucleus of atomic hydrogen will develope a spin.

It must be stressed that the synchronous folds of the hydrogen atom rotate in neither an outward nor an inward recessional direction. Their rotation is non-directional as a result of the equilibium between the outward and inward recessional folds of its nucleus and the outer layer surrounding the nucleus. Where the equilubrium is interferred with, its rotation may become directional in a recessional sense, with recession being either towards the macrocosm or microcosm.

The union of outonic and intonic hyrogen atoms gives rise to the hydrogen molecule. At room temperature hydrogen gas is diatomic, with the synchronous folds of the atoms upon which the hyrogen molecule is based being dissimilar from one and the other. The union of hyrogen atoms giving rise to the diatomic molecule results in the nuclei of the molecule spinning in either parallel or anti-parallel directions. The spinning is an effect of the merger or molecular binding together of outonic and untonic nuclei of outonic and intonic hydrogen atoms. The spinning is also an example of how interrelated forces may give rise to motion. The inner core or nuclei and outer cores or layers separate one from the other in the process of their molecular binding together, with the result that approximately three-fourths of the spins are in a parallel direction and one-fourth in an anti-parallel direction.

The parallel direction spins arise from (1) the union of the synchronous folds of outonic unitons with the synchronous folds of outonic unitons and of intonic unitons with the synchronous folds of intonic unitons where their merged outer cores are both outonic and intonic, and from (2) the union of synchronous folds of outonic unitons with intonic unitons where their merged outer cores are either intonic or outonic. The anti-parallel spins arise from the union of synchronous folds of outonic unitons with intonic unitons where their merged outer cores are both outonic and intonic.

The Unified Theory not only anticipates that ordinary hydrogen gas is necessarily diatomic but also anticipates that hydrogen gas is a mixture of two allotropic forms, ortho hydrogen and para hyrogen, with ordinary hydrogen containing about three-fourths of the ortho form and one-fourth of the para form.

Various combinations of spinning nuclei give rise to either the ortho or para form of hydrogen. The spinning nuclei may be engaged in either an outward or an inward directional movement with outer layers moving in the opposite directions. As a result, the hydrogen molecule achieves its rotation as a molecule based upon an equilibrium that is not an equilibrium between rotational equilibriums of hydrogen atoms but is one based upon an equilibrium among nuclei and their outer layers. The spins of molecular nuclei, however, are not non-directional and are necessarily spins in either an outward or inward recessional direction.

Ortho hydrogen results where the spins are in parallel directions, whether the spins are in an outward or an inward recessional direction. Conversely, para hydrogen is formed where the spins are in contrasting directions, one being an inward recessional direction and the other an outward recessional direction.

The rotation of the hydrogen atom and of the hydrogen molecule is non-directional only in the recessional sense. In other words, it is a non-recessional rotation that underlies hydrogen`s manifestation as an element. Its rotation, however, may be in either a rightward or a leftward direction and, in this sense, directional.

Hydrogen has at least three isotopes: (1) Protium or ordinary hydrogen (99.98%), (2) Deuterium (O.02%), (3) Tritium (minute percentage). Ordinarily atomic hydrogen does not have spinning nuclei, and only the nuclei in diatomic hydrogen spin. It apparently sometimes happens that synchronous folds disassociate from the molecular binding, with the atomic nuclei continuing to spin. The spinning nuclei thereafter bind together as molecular nuclei, doubling the atomic weight and forming heavy hydrogen or deuterium.

Where in an electro-magnetic cell using palladium as the cathode metal, and heavy hydrogen is forced into the palladium, a new class of nuclesr reactions occurs and energy is manifested without radiation or radioactive by-products being produced. This phenomenon, or cold fusion, was announced by Stanley Pons and Msrtin Fleischmann at a press conference on March 23, 1989, at the University of Utah. Cold fusion would be anticipated by the Unified Theory, but the energy is not really being released by the electro-chemical cell but is being formed by the strong centrifugal synchronous folds constituting the cell. See the article on Cold Fusion under the Unified Theory.

Rarely but occasionally synchronous folds of deuterium nuclei may disassociate and thereafter associate with synchronous folds of protium nuclei, thereby leading to a radio-active isotope of hydrogen, tritium. The disassociation and thereafter binding together of these synchronous folds of the deuterium nuclei apparently leads to helium, a radioactive element, with an atomic number of 2 based upon the associated synchronous folds and atomic weight of 4 based upon the disassociated synchronous folds.

Spinning molecular nuclei are treated as isotopes of an element as long as the atomic number assigned to the element remains the same. The atomic number assigned to helium is 2, and thus helium is a separate element from and not an isotope of hydrogen. It is, however, a result of the merging together of the synchronous folds of two isotopes of hydrogen, making its atomic weight 2.

© Wilson Ogg