End Notes

     1.  Karin Pendle, Women and Music: A History. (Bloomington & Indianopolis:
Indiana University Press, 1991), 244.

     2.  Sophie Drinker, Women and Music: The Story of Women in their Relation to
Music. (New York: The Feminist Press at the City University of New York, 1995), 238.

     3.  Pendle Women, 244.

     4.  Pendle Women, 244.

     5.  Pendle Women, 244.

     6.  Jan Wilson, Manager - Information Resource Center, American Symphony
Orchestra League, interview by author, league@symphony.org,14 July 2000. 

     7.  “Empowering Women in Business,” Feminist Majority Foundation Online,
retrieved from the World Wide Web on 19 July 2000: 
http://www.feminist.org/research/ewb_glass.html.

     8.  Richard J.Colwell and Thomas Goolsby, The Teaching of Instrumental Music, 2nd
ed.  (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall), 7.

     9.  “HUB History,” Harvard University Band, retrieved from the World Wide Web on
19 July 2000:  http://hcs.harvard.edu/~hub/info/history/1970.html.
     
     10.  “OSUMB Timeline,” The Ohio State University Marching Band, retrieved from
the World Wide Web on 19 July 2000: 
http://www.osu.edu/org/osuband/history/timeline/index.html.
     
     11.  “History of the UCLA Bruin Marching Band,” The UCLA Bruin Marching Band,
retrieved from the World Wide Web on 19 July 2000:  
http://www.asucla.ucla.edu/band/mband/history.htm.
     
     12.  “UC Band History,” The University of Cincinnati Bearcat Band, retrieved from
the World Wide Web on 19 July 2000:   http://www.soa.uc.edu/org/ucband/history.html.

     13.  “CBDNA Ethnic & Gender Committee,” College Band Directors National
Association, retrieved from the World Wide Web on 19 July 2000:  
http://www.cbdna.org/cbdna.eg.html.

     14.  Pendle Women, 290.

     15.  Pendle Women, 290.

     16.  Pendle Women, 291.

     17.  Barrie Thorne “Girls and Boys Together... but Mostly Apart:  Gender
Arrangements in Elementary School,” quoted in Michael S. Kimmel and Michael A.
Messner, Men’s Lives, 4th ed. (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1998), 91. 
	
     18.  “Film and Video,” Jean Kilbourne, Ed.D., retrieved from the World Wide Web on
19 July 2000:  http://www.jeankilbourne.com/video.html.

     19.  Michael A. Messner “Boyhood, Organized Sports, and the Construction of
Masculinities,” quoted in Michael S. Kimmel and Michael A. Messner, Men’s Lives, 4th
ed. (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1998), 114. 

     20.  Thorne “Girls,” 87.

     21.  Naomi Wolf, The Beauty Myth.  (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 218.

     22.  R.W. Connell, “Hegemonic Masculinity and Emphasized Femininity,” quoted in
Laurel Richardson, Verta Taylor and Nancy Whittier, Feminist Frontiers IV.  (New York:
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1997), 23.

     23.  Connell, “Hegemonic,” 24.

     24.  American Pie. 1999, Universal Studios.

     25.  Gloria Steinem, Outrageous Acts and Everyday Rebellions.  (New York: Holt,
Rinehart & Winston, 1983), 337.