Latin Name	Picoides scalaris
Size
Range
Habitat
Nesting
Status

General Literature

Bent, Arthur Cleveland. Life Histories of North American Woodpeckers. New York: Dover Publications, 1964

Kilham, Lawrence. Life History Studies of Woodpeckers of Eastern North America. Cambridge, Mass.: Nuttall Ornithological Club, 1983.

Short, Lester L. Woodpeckers of the World. Greenville, Del.: Delaware Museum of Natural History, 1982.

Skutch, Alexander Frank. Life of the Woodpecker. Santa Monica: Ibis Publishing Co., 1985.

Winkler, Hans et al. Woodpeckers: A Guide to the Woodpeckers of the World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1995.

Species-specific Literature

Anon. “Oberholser’s A Revision of the Forms of the Ladder-backed Woodpecker.” Condor (September-October; 1911)

Austin, George T. “Sexual and Seasonal Differences in Foraging of Ladder-backed Woodpeckers.” Condor (May-June; 1976)

Dennis, John V. “Damage by Golden-fronted and Ladder-backed Woodpeckers to Fence Posts and Utility Poles in South Texas.” Wilson Bulletin (January-March; 1967)

J. A. A. “Oberholser’s Revision of the Forms of the Ladder-backed Woodpecker.” Auk (October-December; 1911)

Lowther, Peter E. Ladder-backed Woodpecker: Picoides scalaris. Birds of North America, Inc., 2001.

Oberholser, H. C. A Revision of the Forms of the Ladder-backed Woodpecker (Dryobates scalaris [Wagner]). United States Government Printing Office, 1911.

Short, L. L. Variation of Ladder-backed Woodpeckers in Southwestern North America. Biological Society of Washington, 1968.