Babylon the Great

The Bible describes two great kingdoms that will exist upon the earth immediately prior to the Second Coming of Jesus Christ. These kingdoms are the kingdom of the beast, and the power known as Babylon the Great. At first these two kingdoms enjoy a special relationship with each other, but at the appointed time the kingdom of the beast will turn on Babylon and attack and defeat her. As a result of this betrayal the Antichrist's kingdom will be established as the dominant global political power. This final kingdom was described most vividly in a vision to the prophet Daniel. In this vision Daniel watched as four beasts came up out of the sea. The first was like a lion, the second was like a bear, the third was like a leopard, but the fourth was entirely unique,

"After that, in my vision at night I looked, and there before me was a fourth beast--terrifying and frightening and very powerful. It had large iron teeth; it crushed and devoured its victims and trampled underfoot whatever was left. It was different from all the former beasts, and it had ten horns. While I was thinking about the horns, there before me was another horn, a little one, which came up among them; and three of the first horns were uprooted before it. This horn had eyes like the eyes of a man and a mouth that spoke boastfully… Then I continued to watch because of the boastful words the horn was speaking. I kept looking until the beast was slain and its body destroyed and thrown into the blazing fire." Daniel 7:7-11

While in vision Daniel asked for an explanation from a heavenly being (7:15-28),

"I, Daniel, was troubled in spirit, and the visions that passed through my mind disturbed me. I approached one of those standing there and asked him the true meaning of all this. So he told me and gave me the interpretation of these things:

‘The four great beasts are four kingdoms that will rise from the earth. But the saints of the Most High will receive the kingdom and will possess it forever--yes, for ever and ever.’

"Then I wanted to know the true meaning of the fourth beast, which was different from all the others and most terrifying, with its iron teeth and bronze claws--the beast that crushed and devoured its victims and trampled underfoot whatever was left. I also wanted to know about the ten horns on its head and about the other horn that came up, before which three of them fell--the horn that looked more imposing than the others and that had eyes and a mouth that spoke boastfully. As I watched, this horn was waging war against the saints and defeating them, until the Ancient of Days came and pronounced judgment in favor of the saints of the Most High, and the time came when they possessed the kingdom.

"He gave me this explanation: ‘The fourth beast is a fourth kingdom that will appear on earth. It will be different from all the other kingdoms and will devour the whole earth, trampling it down and crushing it. The ten horns are ten kings who will come from this kingdom. After them another king will arise, different from the earlier ones; he will subdue three kings. He will speak against the Most High and oppress his saints and try to change the set times and the laws. The saints will be handed over to him for a time, times and half a time. But the court will sit, and his power will be taken away and completely destroyed forever. Then the sovereignty, power and greatness of the kingdoms under the whole heaven will be handed over to the saints, the people of the Most High. His kingdom will be an everlasting kingdom, and all rulers will worship and obey him.’

"This is the end of the matter. I, Daniel, was deeply troubled by my thoughts, and my face turned pale, but I kept the matter to myself."

The fourth beast is the final kingdom on the earth prior to the Second Coming. It will be led by the Antichrist, who was the little horn that spoke boastfully and persecuted the saints. This kingdom will be destroyed when Jesus Christ returns and throws the Antichrist into the lake of fire, setting up the Messianic Kingdom of one thousand years. The Antichrist’s kingdom, the fourth beast that Daniel saw with ten horns, is also described in Revelation 13:1-2,

"And I saw a beast coming out of the sea. He had ten horns and seven heads, with ten crowns on his horns, and on each head a blasphemous name. The beast I saw resembled a leopard, but had feet like those of a bear and a mouth like that of a lion."

When Daniel received his vision he watched as kingdoms resembling a lion, a bear and a leopard all came out of the sea, followed by the fourth terrible beast-kingdom with ten horns. When John saw this fourth beast in Revelation he writes that it has the characteristics of the former kingdoms: it resembles a leopard, has feet like a bear and a mouth like a lion. The order of the descriptions may be reversed because Daniel was looking forward in time, while John in his vision was looking back. Revelation continues to describe this beast, and then mentions the Antichrist in terms that are very similar to those given by Daniel,

"The beast was given a mouth to utter proud words and blasphemies and to exercise his authority for forty-two months. He opened his mouth to blaspheme God, and to slander his name and his dwelling place and those who live in heaven. He was given power to make war against the saints and to conquer them. And he was given authority over every tribe, people, language and nation. All inhabitants of the earth will worship the beast--all whose names have not been written in the book of life belonging to the Lamb that was slain from the creation of the world." Revelation 13:5-8

The final rebellious kingdom on the earth will be the kingdom of the Antichrist’s New World Order. It will establish a mandatory and universal religion that will focus on the image of the Antichrist, and it will establish a mandatory economic system based on the Mark of the Beast. Every person within this kingdom will be forced to take the Mark and people will not be able to buy or sell without it. This kingdom will achieve its greatest power during the last three and a half years of the 70th Week and finally it will be destroyed at the Second Coming of Jesus Christ.

The Bible’s end-time prophecies do not only focus on the kingdom of the Antichrist. The Bible also devotes a great deal of attention to the other end-times power. This power is introduced in Revelation as a mystery, and she is named Babylon the Great:

"One of the seven angels who had the seven bowls came and said to me, ‘Come, I will show you the punishment of the great prostitute, who sits on many waters. With her the kings of the earth committed adultery and the inhabitants of the earth were intoxicated with the wine of her adulteries.’ Then the angel carried me away in the Spirit into a desert. There I saw a woman sitting on a scarlet beast that was covered with blasphemous names and had seven heads and ten horns. The woman was dressed in purple and scarlet, and was glittering with gold, precious stones and pearls. She held a golden cup in her hand, filled with abominable things and the filth of her adulteries. This title was written on her forehead:

MYSTERY,
BABYLON THE GREAT.
THE MOTHER OF PROSTITUTES
AND OF THE ABOMINATIONS OF THE EARTH"
Revelation 17:1-5

The beast that the woman sits on represents the final global kingdom, as described by Daniel and Revelation 13. The seven heads of the beast are explained as representing seven kings, and then the beast is also explained as an eighth king. The beast is a kingdom as well as a king. The ten horns of the beast are described as "…ten kings who have not yet received a kingdom, but who for one hour will receive authority as kings along with the beast. They have one purpose and will give their power and their authority to the beast," (Revelation 17:12-13).

When Babylon the Great is first shown she sits astride the beast. She exercises the power of the beast kingdom, and she is the greatest political power in the world. The angel explains to John what she represents (17:18):

"The woman thou sawest is that great city which reigneth over the kings of the earth."

However, when the Antichrist, the king aspect of the beast, becomes a public figure, and rises up among the ten kings as described in Daniel, he will come into conflict with Babylon the Great. Prior to the Antichrist, the woman rules over the kings of the earth, including the ten kings. But when the Antichrist appears these ten kings will embrace him, for their sole purpose is to give the Antichrist their power and authority. When he appears the woman will no longer be useful and the supporters of the New World Order will turn on her and attack her (17:16-17):

"The beast and the ten horns you saw will hate the prostitute. They will bring her to ruin and leave her naked; they will eat her flesh and burn her with fire. For God has put it into their hearts to accomplish his purpose by agreeing to give the beast their power to rule, until God's words are fulfilled."

The Antichrist and Babylon the Great will be bitter enemies. Babylon will exercise global power before the Antichrist, but after he appears the beast and the ten kings will attack Babylon, shifting global power into the hands of the beast. Daniel wrote that the beast would "devour the whole earth, trampling it down and crushing it." Babylon will be the most significant casualty in the Antichrist’s ruthless rise to power.

Let us now examine other aspects of Babylon the Great, the last global power before the rise of the Antichrist. Her descriptions are given primarily in Revelation 17 and 18, but the Old Testament also contains many predictions that must refer to end-times Babylon as well. These predictions can be found within Isaiah 13-14 and Jeremiah 50-51, among other texts.

The prophetic descriptions in Revelation combine to create a very clear picture of Babylon the Great:

Babylon will lead the nations of the earth into adultery:

This should be understood as adultery in a spiritual sense. In the Old Testament Israel was also described as an adulterous nation because she often cheated on the Lord and turned to other gods. The same should be understood of Babylon. She is a power that has rejected God and turned to other forms of worship, the chief of these being materialism.

"With her the kings of the earth committed adultery and the inhabitants of the earth were intoxicated with the wine of her adulteries."   Revelation 17:2

"For all the nations have drunk the maddening wine of her adulteries. The kings of the earth committed adultery with her…"   Revelation 18:3

"When the kings of the earth who committed adultery with her and shared her luxury see the smoke of her burning, they will weep and mourn over her."   Revelation 18:9

"Salvation and glory and power belong to our God, for true and just are his judgments. He has condemned the great prostitute who corrupted the earth by her adulteries."   Revelation 19:1-2

 Babylon’s worship of materialism is shown through her emphasis on riches, luxury and the material things of this world.

"…her sins are piled up to heaven, and God has remembered her crimes. Give back to her as she has given…Give her as much torture and grief as the glory and luxury she gave herself." 18:5-7

"…the merchants of the earth grew rich from her excessive luxuries." 18:3

Babylon is a great consumer of material goods and when she falls the merchants mourn over their loss of revenue,

"The merchants of the earth will weep and mourn over her because no one buys their cargoes any more-- cargoes of gold, silver, precious stones and pearls; fine linen, purple, silk and scarlet cloth; every sort of citron wood, and articles of every kind made of ivory, costly wood, bronze, iron and marble; cargoes of cinnamon and spice, of incense, myrrh and frankincense, of wine and olive oil, of fine flour and wheat; cattle and sheep; horses and carriages; and bodies and souls of men."

"They will say, ‘The fruit you longed for is gone from you. All your riches and splendor have vanished, never to be recovered.’ The merchants who sold these things and gained their wealth from her will stand far off, terrified at her torment. They will weep and mourn and cry out: ‘Woe! Woe, O great city, dressed in fine linen, purple and scarlet, and glittering with gold, precious stones and pearls! In one hour such great wealth has been brought to ruin!’" 18:11-17

Babylon’s focus on materialism is clearly expressed when the merchants say, "The fruit you longed for is gone from you. All your riches have vanished…"

 Babylon’s greatness comes from her emphasis on trade, and from the riches she offers to the powerful few all over the world.

"For all the nations have drunk the maddening wine of her adulteries. The kings of the earth committed adultery with her, and the merchants of the earth grew rich from her excessive luxuries." 18:3

"When the kings of the earth who committed adultery with her and shared her luxury see the smoke of her burning, they will weep and mourn over her." 18:9

"The merchants who sold these things and gained their wealth from her will stand far off, terrified at her torment." 18:15

"Woe! Woe, O great city, where all who had ships on the sea became rich through her wealth! In one hour she has been brought to ruin!" 18:19

"Your merchants were the world's great men.
     By your magic spell all the nations were led astray."
18:23

The city of Babylon is a major port city, and is described as the greatest and richest city that the world has ever seen-

"When the kings of the earth... see the smoke of her burning... they will stand far off and cry: 'Woe! Woe, O great city, O Babylon, city of power! In one hour your doom has come!" 18:9-10

"Every sea captain, and all who travel by ship, the sailors, and all who earn their living from the sea, will stand far off. When they see the smoke of her burning, they will exclaim, ‘Was there ever a city like this great city?’" 18:17-18

"The woman you saw is the great city that rules over the kings of the earth." 17:18

"In her heart she boasts, 'I sit as queen; I am not a widow, and I will never mourn.'" 18:7

Babylon is also described as a power whose population is made up of diverse races and cultures: "…the great prostitute, who sits on many waters… Then the angel said to me, ‘The waters you saw, where the prostitute sits, are peoples, multitudes, nations and languages.’" 17:1,15

Ancient Babylon was a home for a great number of Jewish exiles, both before and after Israel’s captivity. End-times Babylon appears to be a home for a great many Jews as well: "Then I heard another voice from heaven say: ‘Come out of her, my people, so that you will not share in her sins, so that you will not receive any of her plagues.’" 18:4

Ancient Babylon was located in present day Iraq, but the Bible’s prophecies combine to make it clear that End-times Babylon could not also be located there. The Old Testament prophet Zechariah recorded a vision that he received of a wicked woman being taken from her place to establish a new home. Many scholars believe this is a picture of the whore of Babylon, (Zechariah 5:5-11):

"Then the angel who was speaking to me came forward and said to me, ‘Look up and see what this is that is appearing.’ I asked, ‘What is it?’ He replied, ‘It is a measuring basket.’ And he added, ‘This is the iniquity of the people throughout the land.’ Then the cover of lead was raised, and there in the basket sat a woman! He said, ‘This is wickedness,’ and he pushed her back into the basket and pushed the lead cover down over its mouth. Then I looked up--and there before me were two women, with the wind in their wings! They had wings like those of a stork, and they lifted up the basket between heaven and earth. ‘Where are they taking the basket?’ I asked the angel who was speaking to me. He replied, ‘To the country of Babylonia to build a house for it. When it is ready, the basket will be set there in its place.’"

Babylon is a power that has become seduced by materialism, by the things and the pleasures of this world, and after she turns her back on God and becomes a prostitute she then corrupts the entire earth. Her adulteries are her materialistic, self-centered pursuits that ignore God’s grace and power, and that pave the way for the self-centered New Age belief system of the Antichrist.

The Bible is clear that there will be a terrible end-times persecution of believers. The Antichrist's final empire will carry out the majority of this persecution, but John's vision shows that God will also hold Babylon largely responsible for it:

When John first sees her in his vision he remarks, "I saw that the woman was drunk with the blood of the saints, the blood of those who bore testimony to Jesus." 17:6

And when his vision concludes an angel says, "In her was found the blood of prophets and of the saints, and of all who have been killed on the earth." 18:24

The Destruction of Babylon

The fall of Babylon the Great is complicated to decipher. The great city of Babylon seems to fall at the very beginning from a judgement of fire from God, yet elements of Babylon must survive this judgment because other texts show that she is attacked by the Antichrist and the ten kings. Then, prior to the seven bowl judgments, an angel proclaims, "Fallen! Fallen is Babylon the Great, which made all the nations drink the maddening wine of her adulteries." However, the seventh bowl judgment itself, the last judgment of Revelation, again mentions Babylon in a great earthquake, "The great city split into three parts, and the cities of the nations collapsed. God remembered Babylon the Great and gave her the cup filled with the wine of the fury of his wrath."

Perhaps Babylon is more than just a single city, and perhaps the term "great city" is indicative of a specific highly populated urban region that may be composed of more than just one contemporary city. The English language has borrowed the word metrapolis from the Greek language and we use it as a synonym for "city." In Revelation, the original Greek text refers to Babylon as a mega-polis. It seems that Babylon must be much more than just a single city for it to absorb the many different phases of its destruction.

The first phase of Babylon’s fall will come prior to the attacks on her by the ten kings and the Antichrist. It will come at a time when she is comfortable in her power over the world and in her arrogance. An angel states that prior to her initial fall she says, "I sit as queen; I am not a widow, and I will never mourn." The angel continues, and states that despite her attitude Babylon will be humbled in one day, "Therefore in one day her plagues will overtake her: death, mourning and famine. She will be consumed by fire, for mighty is the Lord God who judges her."

Babylon’s initial destruction will come in one day. It will come directly from God and it will be a judgment of fire. The kings of the earth give us even more information, and they tell us that this will take place in a single hour, "When the kings of the earth who committed adultery with her and shared her luxury see the smoke of her burning, they will weep and mourn over her. Terrified at her torment, they will stand far off and cry: ‘Woe! Woe, O great city, O Babylon, city of power! In one hour your doom has come!’"

The merchants of the earth confirm this fact, "Woe! Woe, O great city, dressed in fine linen, purple and scarlet, and glittering with gold, precious stones and pearls! In one hour such great wealth has been brought to ruin!"

And then the sea captains add their comments as well, "Woe! Woe, O great city, where all who had ships on the sea became rich through her wealth! In one hour she has been brought to ruin!"

After this first phase of judgment Revelation may hint of another that may come soon after. An angel explains to John how Babylon will fall, "Then a mighty angel picked up a boulder the size of a large millstone and threw it into the sea, and said: ‘With such violence the great city of Babylon will be thrown down, never to be found again.’"

The first judgment of fire, that comes from God while Babylon is still ruling over the kings of the earth, must come very early in the tribulation. The placement of this judgment is not hard to figure out, but first we should look again at how the tribulation will begin:

The end-times tribulation, or Great Tribulation, will begin with the opening of the sixth seal. Then the rapture and resurrection of saints will occur, and these saints are shown in heaven having "come out of the great tribulation." At the time of the rapture there will be an earthquake, followed by the cosmic signs of the darkened sun, blood red moon and the shower of falling stars. These events continue for only a matter of hours and then the Day of the Lord will begin with the great and terrible shaking of the earth. After this happens the 144,000 are saved and sealed prior to the judgments of the first four trumpets.

The first trumpet judgment is one of hail and fire, mixed with blood, that is poured out over a third of the earth. This judgment is reflected in the prophecies of Ezekiel, which also show it coming after an earthquake and after the shaking of the earth that affects all mankind. The fiery hail will come after Israel has been invaded by an alliance of nations led by Magog, which is most likely Russia. This judgment of fire will destroy the invaders, it will destroy the countries of the invaders and much of the surrounding area, and it will also strike "those who live in safety in the coastlands, and they will know that I am the Lord."

The "coastlands" mentioned in Ezekiel might be a reference to Babylon, who says to herself "I sit as queen; I am not a widow, and I will never mourn." Ezekiel gives the impression that those who live in the coastlands will be taken completely by surprise, and that is how the judgment of fire will come upon Babylon. The great prostitute, who rules over the nations of the earth and corrupts them with her luxuries, will be struck with a judgment of fire at the very beginning of the tribulation.

Perhaps the warning that is given of "Come out of her, my people… so that you will not receive any of her plagues," is also a veiled reference to the rapture. The rapture will likely occur only days prior to God’s judgment of Babylon and it will rescue all who accept Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior.

In the aftermath of the first trumpet judgment, which will bring fire upon Babylon, the ship captains will gaze on in horror and dismay that the source of their livelihood is gone. But their mourning will not last long, because the second trumpet judgment will quickly follow,

"The second angel sounded his trumpet, and something like a huge mountain, all ablaze, was thrown into the sea. A third of the sea turned into blood, a third of the living creatures in the sea died, and a third of the ships were destroyed."

Perhaps this is what the angel was referring to when he gave the following prophecy of Babylon,

"Then a mighty angel picked up a boulder the size of a large millstone and threw it into the sea, and said: ‘With such violence the great city of Babylon will be thrown down, never to be found again.’" 18:21

The prophet Jeremiah gave a prophecy that can only refer to end-times Babylon, which may relate to the meteor that will plunge into the sea (51:42),

"The sea will rise over Babylon; its roaring waves will cover her."

Babylon will very likely be directly affected by the first two trumpet judgments. The angel above commented that Babylon would never be found again, but perhaps this refers to Babylon’s final demise, because remnants of Babylon, whether it is a city, a collection of cities, or a nation, will survive the first two trumpet judgments. The Antichrist and the ten kings will then attack this remnant, in whatever shape it is left, in the aftermath of the initial outbreak of the tribulation,

"The beast and the ten horns you saw will hate the prostitute. They will bring her to ruin and leave her naked; they will eat her flesh and burn her with fire. For God has put it into their hearts to accomplish his purpose by agreeing to give the beast their power to rule, until God's words are fulfilled." 17:16-17

Babylon will first be judged by God Almighty when He causes her to be burned with fire and at this the kings of the earth will weep and mourn at the loss of their source of luxury. But then, once Babylon has been weakened, the ten kings will conspire with the Antichrist to attack what is left of her. At the first phase of Babylon’s fall the kings of the earth will mourn, but then at the second phase they will take the side of the Antichrist and cease to support her when she is attacked. Babylon will be absorbed into the Antichrist’s empire, to survive throughout the tribulation until the very end.

The seventh bowl judgment is the last judgment of Revelation and it will cause a great earthquake that will split Babylon into three parts. Then she will be destroyed completely and forever by God Almighty. Her final state is predicted in a number of passages:

"Babylon, the jewel of kingdoms, the glory of the Babylonians’ pride, will be overthrown by God like Sodom and Gomorrah. She will never be inhabited or lived in through all generations; no Arab will pitch his tent there, no shepherd will rest his flocks there. But desert creatures will lie there, jackals will fill her houses; there the owls will dwell, and there the wild goats will leap about. Hyenas will howl in her strongholds, jackals in her luxurious palaces. Her time is at hand, and her days will not be prolonged." Isaiah 13:19-22

"Because of the LORD's anger she will not be inhabited but will be completely desolate. All who pass Babylon will be horrified and scoff because of all her wounds." Jeremiah 50:13

"So desert creatures and hyenas will live there, and there the owl will dwell. It will never again be inhabited or lived in from generation to generation. As God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah along with their neighboring towns," declares the LORD, "so no one will live there; no man will dwell in it." Jeremiah 50:39-40

"‘I am against you, O destroying mountain, you who destroy the whole earth,’ declares the LORD. ‘I will stretch out my hand against you, roll you off the cliffs, and make you a burned-out mountain. No rock will be taken from you for a cornerstone, nor any stone for a foundation, for you will be desolate forever,’ declares the LORD." Jeremiah 51:25-26

"‘Babylon will be a heap of ruins, a haunt of jackals, an object of horror and scorn, a place where no one lives. Her people all roar like young lions, they growl like lion cubs. But while they are aroused, I will set out a feast for them and make them drunk, so that they shout with laughter-- then sleep forever and not awake,’ declares the LORD." Jeremiah 51:37-39

The book of the prophet ISAIAH contains further references to the destruction of Babylon the Great towards the latter days. As in ISAIAH 47, below:

Come down, and sit in the dust, O virgin daughter of Babylon; sit on the ground without a throne, O daughter of the Chaldeans: for thou shalt no more be called tender and delicate.

Take the millstones, and grind meal; remove thy veil, strip off the train, uncover the leg, pass through the rivers.

Thy nakedness shall be uncovered, yea, thy shame shall be seen: I will take vengeance, and will spare no man.

Our Redeemer, Jehovah of hosts is his name, the Holy One of Israel.

Sit thou silent, and get thee into darkness, O daughter of the Chaldeans; for thou shalt no more be called The mistress of kingdoms.

I was wroth with my people, I profaned mine inheritance, and gave them into thy hand: thou didst show them no mercy; upon the aged hast thou very heavily laid thy yoke.

And thou saidst, I shall be mistress for ever; so that thou didst not lay these things to thy heart, neither didst remember the latter end thereof.

Now therefore hear this, thou that art given to pleasures, that sittest securely, that sayest in thy heart, I am, and there is none else besides me; I shall not sit as a widow, neither shall I know the loss of children:

but these two things shall come to thee in a moment in one day, the loss of children, and widowhood; in their full measure shall they come upon thee, in the multitude of thy sorceries, and the great abundance of thine enchantments.

 For thou hast trusted in thy wickedness; thou hast said, None seeth me; thy wisdom and thy knowledge, it hath perverted thee, and thou hast said in thy heart, I am, and there is none else besides me.

Therefore shall evil come upon thee; thou shalt not know the dawning thereof: and mischief shall fall upon thee; thou shalt not be able to put it away: and desolation shall come upon thee suddenly, which thou knowest not.

Stand now with thine enchantments, and with the multitude of thy sorceries, wherein thou hast labored from thy youth; if so be thou shalt be able to profit, if so be thou mayest prevail.

Thou art wearied in the multitude of thy counsels: let now the astrologers, the star-gazers, the monthly prognosticators, stand up, and save thee from the things that shall come upon thee.

Behold, they shall be as stubble; the fire shall burn them; they shall not deliver themselves from the power of the flame: it shall not be a coal to warm at, nor a fire to sit before.

Thus shall the things be unto thee wherein thou hast labored: they that have trafficked with thee from thy youth shall wander every one to his quarter; there shall be none to save thee.

And Revelation 18:2 records, "Fallen! Fallen is Babylon the Great! She has become a home for demons and a haunt for every evil spirit, a haunt for every unclean and detestable bird."

Apparently, Babylon the Great will be a wildlife refuge during the Millennial Kingdom. But no one will go there because it will also be inhabited by demons. It will be destroyed like Sodom and Gomorrah and all who pass by will scoff and be horrified at how she was destroyed. So proud and so self-righteous and arrogant in her day, drunk and shouting with laughter, but the Lord will destroy her in his fury and she will be as if she had never existed.

There is one final text that confirms the chronology of events that make up the beginning of the Great Tribulation as put forth in this book. It is a prophecy given by the obscure Old Testament prophet Haggai, and they are the very last words that this man of God wrote down:

"And again the word of the Lord came unto Haggai in the four and twentieth day of the month, saying, Speak to Zerubbabel, governor of Judah, saying, I will shake the heavens and the earth; And I will overthrow the throne of kingdoms, and I will destroy the strength of the kingdoms of the heathen; and I will overthrow the chariots, and those that ride in them; and the horses and their riders shall come down, every one by the sword of his brother. In that day, saith the Lord of hosts, will I take thee, O Zerubbabel, my servant, the son of Shealtiel, saith the Lord, and will make thee as a signet: for I have chosen thee, saith the Lord of hosts."

In this passage Haggai confirms a number of events that will occur at the very beginning of the tribulation. He mentions the shaking of the heavens and the earth, which will come at the sixth seal, which was also predicted by Ezekiel to come at the time of the Magog invasion.

Haggai goes on to describe the Magog alliance, and the chariots, horses and riders that will invade Israel. Then he writes that this army will turn against itself, "every one by the sword of his brother." This is just as Ezekiel predicted, who wrote that prior to the judgment of fire and hail, this army would suffer madness and, "Every man’s sword will be against his brother," (38:21).

Haggai predicts that at this time the "strength of the kingdoms of the heathen" will be destroyed. He also writes that at this time the "throne of kingdoms" will be overthrown. This is a reference to end-times Babylon, which is the great city from where the entire world is ruled. Isaiah referred to end-times Babylon as the "jewel of kingdoms" (13:19) and the "sceptre of the rulers," (14:5). Jeremiah predicts that the Lord will open up his arsenal to attack her in his wrath (50:25), and that the entire earth will tremble (50:46). He writes that afterwards the nations of the earth will no longer stream to Babylon (51:44). Revelation is clear that Babylon is indeed the throne of kingdoms, for she is "the great city that rules over the kings of the earth," (Revelation 17:18).

The last thing that Haggai records is that at this time Zerubbabel will be raised up, to become a "signet" for the Lord. Zerubbabel is one of the olive trees who will be resurrected at the time of the rapture, to serve the Lord as a Witness during the first half of the 70th Week. Joshua will also be resurrected at this time, to be the other Witness, the other olive tree during this time as predicted in the third and fourth chapters of the prophecies of Zechariah. Zerubbabel and Joshua were the two men most influential in the rebuilding of the Temple after Israel’s return from the Babylonian exile. These two men will also be on earth when Israel begins to rebuild the Temple in the early days of the tribulation.

Below is a chart comparing Haggai’s words with some of the other prophecies that deal with the early part of the tribulation:

Haggai 2:21-23

Revelation

Ezekiel

Other Prophets

I will shake the heavens and the earth.

6:14- The sky receded like a scroll, rolling up, and every mountain and island was removed from its place.

38:20- The fish of the sea, the birds of the air, the beasts of the field, every creature that moves along the ground, and all the people on the face of the earth will tremble at my presence.

Isaiah 2:19- Men will flee to caves in the rocks and to holes in the ground from dread of the LORD and the splendor of his majesty, when he rises to shake the earth.

And I will overthrow…

18:8- She will be consumed by fire, for mighty is the Lord God who judges her.

39:6- I will send fire…

Jeremiah 50:25- The LORD has opened his arsenal and brought out the weapons of his wrath…

…the throne of kingdoms…

17:18- The woman you saw is the great city that rules over the kings of the earth.

39:6- …on Magog and on those who live in safety in the coastlands, and they will know that I am the LORD.

Isaiah 14:5-6- …the scepter of the rulers, which in anger struck down peoples with unceasing blows, and in fury subdued nations with relentless aggression.

…and I will destroy the strength of the kingdoms of the heathen.

8:7- …and there came hail and fire mixed with blood, and it was hurled down upon the earth. A third of the earth was burned up

38:22- I will pour down torrents of rain, hailstones and burning sulfur on him and on his troops and on the many nations with him.

 

and I will overthrow the chariots, and those that ride in them; and the horses and their riders shall come down…

 

38:4- I will turn you around… your whole army--your horses, your horsemen fully armed, and a great horde…

 

…every one by the sword of his brother.

 

38:21- I will summon a sword against Gog on all my mountains, declares the Sovereign LORD. Every man's sword will be against his brother.

 

In that day… will I take thee, O Zerubbabel … and will make thee as a signet: for I have chosen thee, saith the Lord of hosts.

11:3-4- And I will give power to my two witnesses… These are the two olive trees… that stand before the Lord of the earth.

 

Zechariah 4:11-14- What are these two olive trees…? These are the two who are anointed to serve the Lord of all the earth.

The Great Tribulation

The end-times tribulation, also known as the Great Tribulation, will begin with the opening of the sixth seal. The living and dead believers in Jesus Christ will then be raptured or resurrected as an earthquake strikes Israel, the sun is darkend, the moon turns blood red and stars fall from heaven. Hours later the Day of the Lord will begin when God reaches out and shakes the earth in His fury. Mankind will realize that God has acted and they will understand the terrible state of their souls.

After the earth is shaken God will save and seal a select group of 144,000 Jewish men, the firstfruits of the Great Tribulation. Soon after, the four angels who harm the land and the sea will bring forth their judgments. The first four angels who blow their trumpets are all a part of a terrible, global, astro-physical catastrophe. Jeremiah says that God’s arsenal will be opened and the weapons of his wrath will be brought out. The earth will pass through a bombardment of hailstones, small meteors that will hurtle through the earth’s atmosphere and strike the land to burn up a third of the earth, destroying Babylon the Great, Magog, and many other heathen nations as well. A massive meteor will also tear into the atmosphere, appearing as a huge mountain all ablaze before plunging into the ocean, destroying one third of the ships and one third of all the creatures that live in the sea.

After the earth is struck by these interstellar weapons of God’s wrath, one third of the fresh water on the earth will become undrinkable. The earth will also be plunged into semi-darkness, and all of the natural light sources, the sun, moon and stars, will be dimmed by a third, and the earth’s climate will be radically altered.

After the four angels have harmed the land and the sea, then there will come a respite. The nations will begin their recovery but their governments will be shattered and helpless. Into this climate will step the Antichrist, and he will appear on the scene exercising the authority of the ten most powerful men on the earth, and with the support of the world’s most influential spiritual leader: the False Prophet. The New World Order will then begin its ruthless rise to power, and this beast will trample on, subdue and crush every nation that stands in its way. The 70th week will then soon be established with Israel, and the Two Witnesses will begin their ministry.

The first half of the 70th Week will be marked by the completion of the tribulation Temple in Jerusalem. The Jews will renew the animal sacrifices as they were practiced in the Old Testament. The Two Witnesses will probably speak out against these sacrifices, because Isaiah says they will be an abomination in God’s eyes (66:3). They will be unacceptable because Jesus was the final and complete sacrifice for the sins of the world, for Jew and for Gentile.

The first half of the 70th Week will also be marked by two demonic invasions. The fifth trumpet will cause the earth to be plagued by demonic beasts that will harm all but the 144,000 sealed Jews, causing an agony similar to a scorpion sting. It will not cause death, but will last for five months, which may also be the length of this plague upon the earth.

The second invasion will include two hundred million demons, led by four fallen angels, which will kill one third of humanity. This invasion is also described by the prophet Joel, who predicts that these demons will be impervious to harm and that their advance will leave complete devastation in its wake (2:1-10). This invasion will be a terrible plague for the world to endure, but the Antichrist will likely use it as an excuse to consolidate his worldwide empire. It may last for exactly one year, one month, one day and one hour (Revelation 9:15), and we know that it will end exactly three and a half days after the midpoint of the 70th Week (Revelation 11:14), when another earthquake strikes Jerusalem when the bodies of the Two Witnesses are resurrected to heaven from off of the streets where they lie.

The midpoint of the 70th Week will be a very momentous day. The Antichrist, having been killed at an earlier time, will be resurrected out of the Abyss. This day will mark the end of the ministry of the Two Witnesses, and their powers of protection will be gone. This day will also mark the beginning of the Antichrist’s unlimited power to "make war with" and "overcome" the saints, and then he will immediately "make war against" and "overcome" the Two Witnesses, killing them to the great delight of most of the world. On this day the Temple sacrifices, likely condemned by world leaders as a barbaric and primitive practice, will be physically stopped. The False Prophet will then have a great image of the Antichrist erected in the Holy Place of the Temple, and this image will become the focus of mankind’s worship. This is the moment that Jesus spoke about almost two thousand years ago, when He warned, "So when you see standing in the holy place ‘the abomination that causes desolation,’ spoken of through the prophet Daniel [let the reader understand] then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains… For then there will be great distress, unequaled from the beginning of the world until now--and never to be equaled again."

The Jews and other believers who obey Jesus’ warning and flee to the mountains will find refuge in the mountainous desert area of southern Jordan. They will be protected there for the entire three and a half years of the last half of the 70th Week. Daniel also writes that this will be the time when Michael stands up, the archangel whose ancient job was that of protecting Israel. He will take up his duty once again, to protect the small believing remnant of Jews hiding out in the desert, as shown in the twelfth chapter of Revelation.

The midpoint of the 70th Week will also mark the beginning of the campaign to establish the Mark of the Beast as the foundation of a worldwide economic system. Taking the Mark will involve a conscious decision to serve the Antichrist and to reject Jesus Christ, and all who take it, upon the right hand or forehead, condemn their eternal souls to the fires of hell. Believers will be separated from unbelievers during this time. Those who refuse to worship the Image of the Beast will be hunted down and killed, and those who refuse the Mark of the Beast will be unable to buy or sell. Believers will be forced to exist in an underground network, living like hunted animals, scrounging for food and fearful of being turned in as criminals and resistors.

The last half of the 70th Week will be characterized by this ruthless persecution of saints and the world will be taken over by the Antichrist’s religion and by the Mark. Some time later, probably years after the midpoint of the 70th Week, after the Mark has been completely implemented and given to all who will accept it, the final bowls of God’s wrath will be poured out. The first will cause terrible sores on those who have accepted the Mark. The second and third will turn the oceans into blood, killing all sea life, and turn all the fresh water to blood as well. The angel remarks, "You are just in these judgments, you who are and who were, the Holy One, because you have so judged; for they have shed the blood of your saints and prophets, and you have given them blood to drink as they deserve."

The fourth will cause the sun to give a scorching heat, and the fifth will cause a complete darkness over the Antichrist’s entire kingdom. But still the wicked followers of the Antichrist will refuse to repent of their sins and glorify the God of heaven.

The sixth bowl will send out three evil spirits that will go out to the kings of the earth, to gather the armies of the world to the Valley of Armageddon, to meet and to resist the Second Coming of Jesus Christ with force of arms. The seventh bowl will be the final judgment on the earth, and there will again be a great shaking of the entire world, the greatest that has ever been felt. There will also be another plague of hailstones, of one hundred pounds each, that will pelt the earth. What is left of Babylon will be split into three parts and then she will be completely destroyed.

Jesus Himself tells what will happen next, "At that time the sign of the Son of Man will appear in the sky, and all the nations of the earth will mourn. They will see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of the sky, with power and great glory," (Matthew 24:30).

Out of the blackness that envelops the earth will be seen a small spark that will grow brighter, lighting up the darkness, as the Shekinah Glory of Jesus Christ first appears. Then Jesus Christ Himself will be seen, coming on the clouds of heaven, and He will turn on the armies that have assembled at Armageddon to fight against Him (Revelation 19:11-21),

"I saw heaven standing open and there before me was a white horse, whose rider is called Faithful and True. With justice he judges and makes war. His eyes are like blazing fire, and on his head are many crowns. He has a name written on him that no one knows but he himself. He is dressed in a robe dipped in blood, and his name is the Word of God. The armies of heaven were following him, riding on white horses and dressed in fine linen, white and clean. Out of his mouth comes a sharp sword with which to strike down the nations. ‘He will rule them with an iron scepter.’ He treads the winepress of the fury of the wrath of God Almighty. On his robe and on his thigh he has this name written:

KING OF KINGS AND LORD OF LORDS.

"And I saw an angel standing in the sun, who cried in a loud voice to all the birds flying in midair, ‘Come, gather together for the great supper of God, so that you may eat the flesh of kings, generals, and mighty men, of horses and their riders, and the flesh of all people, free and slave, small and great.’

"Then I saw the beast and the kings of the earth and their armies gathered together to make war against the rider on the horse and his army. But the beast was captured, and with him the false prophet who had performed the miraculous signs on his behalf. With these signs he had deluded those who had received the mark of the beast and worshiped his image. The two of them were thrown alive into the fiery lake of burning sulfur. The rest of them were killed with the sword that came out of the mouth of the rider on the horse, and all the birds gorged themselves on their flesh."