1957 - RUSSIAN SPACE
				SPACE RACE
	At 22:28 hours Moscow time, on 4 October 1957, the space age began with the launch of the first artificial satellite into orbit around the Earth. The name of the satellite was Sputnik, Russian for fellow traveller. This historic satellite was launched from the BaikonurCosmodrome in Kazakhstan, where ESAs Integral satellite is scheduled to be launched 10 days from now. The name of the satellite was Sputnik, Russian for fellow traveller. This historic satellite was launched from the BaikonurCosmodrome in Kazakhstan, where ESAs Integral satellite is scheduled to be launched 10 days from now.
			Sputnik 1 was very unsophisticated, particularly compared to Integral. In appearance small round and spiky, it was an 83 kg aluminium sphere with a diameter of 58 centimetres and with four antennas, each nearly 3 metres long. On board were two radio transmitters on 20.005 and 40.002 MegaHertz and silver-zinc batteries, sufficient to provide one watt of power for up to three weeks. An R-7 rocket was used to launch Sputnik, which was built as quickly as possible by Soviet scientist SergeiKorolyov and his team, in order to beat the USA into space. Launched into orbit at an inclination of 65.1 degrees, its orbit took it from a low or perigee of 228 km from the Earth to a high point or apogee of 947 km. The first orbit of the Earth by an artificial satellite took 96 minutes 10.2 seconds. Once in orbit Sputnik began to transmit the first message received from space; although only a simple beep beepbeep, this marked the beginning of space exploration.