| Mid-Term Blueprint Terms/concepts to know: 1. Biomes 2. ecosystems 3. communities 4. Populations 5. Ecotone 6. decomposer 7. Scavenger 8. Detritus 9. Carnivore 10. Omnivore 11. Herbivore 12. Primary, secondary, tertiary consumers 13. Net primary productivity 14. Carbon cycle 15. Nitrogen cycle 16. Phosphorus cycle 17. Water cycle 18. Disruptive, directional, stabilizing selection 19. Coevolution 20. Convergent & Divergent evolution 21. Micro- & Macroevolution 22. Differential reproduction 23. Geographic isolation 24. Rain shadow effect 25. microclimate 26. Specialist, generalist, keystone, native, & nonnative species 27. Fundamental vs. realized niche 28. competitive exclusion principle 29. Inter- vs. intraspecific competition 30. Commensalism, mutualism, parasitism 31. Primary vs. secondary succession 32. phytoplankton, zooplankton, nekton, benthos 33. Euphotic, coastal, bathyal, abyssal zones 34. Littoral, limnetic, profundal, benthic zones 35. Oligotrophic vs. eutrophic 36. water stress 37. Riparian rights 38. Organic vs. inorganic water pollution 39. Point vs. nonpoint pollution 40. Oxygen sag curve 41. Primary, secondary, tertiary water treatment 42. Layers of the atmosphere 43. Stratospheric vs. tropospheric ozone 44. Photochemical vs. gray-air smog 45. Thermal inversion 46. NAAQS 47. Greenhouse effect 48. Kyoto & Montreal Protocols 49. Convergent, divergent, transform faults 50. Rock cycle (include ex. of igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary rocks) 51. Soil layers 52. Alley cropping 53. Mining Law of 1872 54. Love Canal 55. Deep-well injection Questions: 1. Describe the average net primary productivity of different ecosystems. 2. Describe the factors that influence an areaÕs climate. 3. What does it mean for an organism to be Òfit?Ó 4. What causes geographic isolation? 5. Describe how microclimates are formed & give 3 examples of microclimates. 6. Describe the progression of biomes as you move from the equator to the poles. Include plant & animal types, rainfall, & temperatures. 7. Why do rainforests typically have poor soil? 8. Describe the vertical stratification of a rainforest. 9. Which biomes have the highest amount of biodiversity? Why? 10. What determines whether an organism is a specialist or generalist species? 11. Why donÕt parasites typically kill their hosts? 12. Give 2 examples each for a) commensalism, b) mutualism, & c) parasitism. 13. Describe the typical community structure in early, middle, & late succession. 14. Describe the variations experienced by estuaries in temperature & salinity. 15. Describe the challenges of intertidal organisms. 16. Describe what causes the overturns experienced by lakes & when they occur. What are the benefits of the overturns? 17. What are some physical limits placed on biota in aquatic ecosystems? 18. Describe the unique properties of water. 19. Describe how water collects in an aquifer. 20. Describe the relative percentages of water usage in society (irrigation, public use, industry, energy production, etc.). 21. Describe the advantages of disadvantages of building dams. 22. Which methods are used to desalinate water? 23. How do humans increase the chances of flooding? 24. What can lower the DO of water? 25. What decreases photosynthesis in water? 26. Why are lakes more vulnerable than rivers to pollution? 27. Describe methods of protecting groundwater. 28. Which air pollutants most irritate the lungs acutely? 29. What causes radon pollution in homes? 30. Describe the effects of acid rain on aquatic ecosystems. 31. Describe the nutrient-holding capacity, porosity, & infiltration capacity of clay, sand, & silt. 32. Describe the predicted effects of global warming. 33. Describe how to prevent global warming. 34. What are/were CFCs used for? 35. Describe 5 ODCs. 35. How do humans contribute to soil erosion? 36. Describe the different types of surface mining. 37. What are the environmental effects of mining? 38. Describe the oil content of shale oil & tar sands compared to conventional oil deposits. 39. Describe the stages of coal formation. 40. Which fossil fuel is most abundant? 41. What is the purpose of control rods in nuclear reactors? 42. Compare the energy efficiency of glass, aluminum, steel, & plastic, & paper. Which is the most difficult to recycle? 43. What are some obstacles to recycling in the US? 44. What causes landfill leaching? 45. What methods are used to prevent lead poisoning? |