Exam 1 Answer Key2. If we form a negative impression of someone, we tend to evaluate all future behavior negatively as well. This is an example of the perceptual bias of: 3. Type A personalities tend to: 4. Tom is using a personality test in the hiring process that yields consistent scores and provides an accurate measure of the candidate's personality. This test has: 5. Which of the following is not a visual cue related to gestalt theory? 6. The kind of knowledge that directly relates to accomplishing tasks is: 7. In the Heneman article, what was the first step discussed in the case study? 8. Fayol's principles of classical organizational theory include: 9. Which of the following is one of the major variables that influence entrepreneurial behavior, according to the Naffziger article? 10. The job characteristi10cs model expands on which element of job redesign? 11. Hypothesis is to Theory as 12. When it comes to impression management, individuals high in self-monitoring: 13. Which of the following is considered part of Classical OB? 14. When managers think about motivation there are three keys they should consider, such as: 15. Research has shown that people will work at the highest level when performance goals are: 16. The process of perception: 17. Organizational commitment: 18. Contemporary organizational behavior is based on several key assumptions including: 19. The unique and relatively stable pattern of behavior, thoughts, and emotions shown by individuals is known as: 20. When people repeat actions that have positive effects, and do not repeat actions that have negative effects, they are demonstrating: 21. The predominant position regarding personality in organizational behavior is that: 22. As a manager you are interviewing job candidates. As you observe each candidate during the interview, you form an opinion about him/her independent of the data you collect from your questioning. This is an example of: 23. Suppose that as a supervisor, you find it necessary to discipline one of your employees for consistently showing up for work late. Which one of the following actions would be correct to perform? 24. Studies show that people tended to perform well when: 25. According to expectancy theory, the belief that good performance will be rewarded is known as: 26. We all make inferences about people but they may be inaccurate because: 27. The personality dimension, ____, is at one end good-natured, gentle, cooperative, etc., and irritable, ruthless, suspicious, at the other end. 28. Which of the following strategies would scientific management recommend to improve productivity? 29. Arousal is critical to the process of motivation because it: 30. People who are rewarded on a variable interval schedule of reinforcement tend to: 31. Research shows that the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance is: 32. According to equity theory, if Sam believes that the ratio of his outcomes/inputs is greater than the ratio of Joe's outcomes/inputs, then Sam will: 33. You work very hard on a key report. As a finishing touch you add some clip art to the document. Your boss loves it and asks why you haven't done it before. So in all future reports you add clip art images. This is an example of what form of learning? 34. B. F. Skinner's work on operant conditioning would be best able to explain which of the following? 35. Suppose you see your co-worker getting chewed out by your boss because he took too long a coffee break. Now, you refrain from taking coffee breaks that are too long yourself. This is an example of which type of learning? 36. In class, we discussed a case of conditioning where a woman named Carmen was first conditioned to yawn when she heard the name "Yanni" then later this conditioning was extended so that she would yawn when she heard the name of Yanni's wife, Linda Evans. When conditioning the woman to yawn to "Linda Evans", _________ conditioning was being used. "Linda Evans" was the _______. 37. According to two-factor (motivator-hygiene) theory dissatisfaction: 38. How many major variables does Naffziger believe influence an individual' decision to behave in an entrepreneurial manner? 39. Field theory is best summarized by which of the following statements? Behavior is a function of... 40. Your friend appears to be blowing you off. He has cancelled the last few times you have had plans. You get very angry and decide he just doesn’t want to hang out. He tells you he's been very busy, and not to take it personally. You have just demonstrated 41. Maslow need theory is to Alderfer's need theory as the tricomponent view of attitudes is to _______. 42. Which of the following statements accurately describes the Kerr article on reward systems? 43. A feedback process that uses multiple sources from around the organization to evaluate one person is: 44. The interactionist approach was strongly influenced by the work of 45. In Maslow's hierarchy once a person's physiological needs are met, the next need level is: 46. According to Kelley's theory of causal attribution, when we form judgments on the basis of consensus, our attribution is based on the fact that: 47. We believe that a person is motivated by external causes if: 48. To test a specific theory, an OB researcher tests specific _____ by manipulating ____ and then measuring _____. 49. John is caught stealing products from his company's warehouse, over $15,000 worth. This is his first offense. His company has a progressive discipline process. The company's most likely action would be to: 50. In terms of organizational commitment, continuance commitment is the strength of a person's desire to work for an organization because he/she agrees with its goals. 51. The behavioral component of an attitude is our predisposition to act in a certain way. 52. The first step in perception is to interpret information 53. In class, we discussed the case of Angelo DeLusia and his lemonade business in terms of traits related to entrepreneurs. 54. When it comes to disciplining employees 83% of companies have no discipline process or even offer the threat of discipline to poor or misbehaving employees. 55. Classical conditioning involves the learning of associations. 56. Negative reinforcement and punishment are synonyms. 57. An unstable cause of behavior is likely to be in effect in the future. 58. Goal-setting theory argues that goal commitment is the primary influence on task performance. 59. It is best when dealing with a high "Mach" to avoid focusing on their behavior and to listen carefully to what they say. 60. For punishment to be effective it should be immediate, moderate, and directed at the person. 61. The actor/observer effect states that we are equally likely to attribute behavior to external forces when we consider our own or other's actions. 62. The functional view of attitudes includes the reduction of cognitive dissonance. 63. Type As perform faster, work harder, and seek more challenging tasks than Type Bs. 64. Self-efficacy is a personality characteristic that can be changed. 65. Both practical and cognitive intelligence are measured by IQ tests as they both consist of verbal, math, and reasoning skills. 66. In terms of causal attribution, to the extent that someone's behavior is the same regardless of the context, is the extent to which a person's behavior is consistent. 67. The Heneman article demonstrated that performance increased after the introduction of a new pay plan 68. If a personality test is reliable it does not have to be valid to provide useful and legal data. 69. Individuals with high self-efficacy on the job: |