Chapter 7: Cognition Algorithms: Rules that guarantee a solution to the problem, but are time consuming and require effort. Heuristics: Rules of thumb that work well enough most of the time, and are effortless and require little time.     Availability heuristic: What comes to mind easily is perceived as being more frequent/true.     Representativeness heuristic: If something looks like a typical example of a category, then it must                                                      belong to that category.                  ->Often due to ignoring base rates: the actual odds of an event happening Using analogy in problem solving: Applying what worked in the past in similar situations Metacognition: Becoming aware of the processes involved in problem solving Mental models: schemas that guide problem solving