Chapter 11: Intelligence What is intelligence? Spearman’s “g” factor: most of the performance on any task is accounted for by a general factor. Guilford proposed that the interaction of three dimensions created 180 factors in intelligence. Cattell’s theory: Fluid intelligence is the largely inherited ability to think and reason                            Crystallized intelligence represents our accumulated knowledge and its applications Sternberg’s triarchic theory: analytic, creative, and practical intelligence. Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligence has 7 factors: linguistic, logical mathematical, musical, bodily kinesthetic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. Tentative definition: intelligence is the ability to consciously adapt to one’s environment effectively; this is dependent on the interaction of many factors. Where does intelligence come from? There is a high correlation between the intelligence of twins, even if they are reared apart. However, twins may be sharing very similar experiences, even if reared apart. The correlation between children and their biological parents increases with age. The correlation between children and their adoptive parents decreases with age. The environment may have a more important impact early in life. Biology may define the range of possible performance, while the environment may determine where in that range you end up. Flynn effect: performance IQ increased in recent decades -> Do IQ tests measure performance in education more than intelligence itself?