Chapter 6: Memory The three mechanisms of memory:     Encoding: how information goes from the environment into our brain     Storage: how and where this information is stored     Retrieval: how we find the stored information The Atkinson & Shiffrin model of memory:     Sensory memory: sensory map of the environment           Some information is selected to reach consciousness while the rest is erased rapidly because of attention, which acts as a filter     Working memory: where information is manipulated consciously            Central executive: controls the allocation of attentional resources            Visuospatial sketchpad: manipulates visual and spatial information            Phonological loop: manipulates auditory information                Working memory has a limited capacity                Recoding information into meaningful units increases the efficiency of encoding     Long-term memory: where information is stored            Retroactive interference: learning new information interferes with information already stored            Proactive interference: information already stored interferes with learning new information            It is important to encode information in meaningful ways, and to relate new information to already stored information, in order to increase the number and quality of retrieval cues            Encoding specificity theory: memory retrieval is enhanced when conditions at retrieval match conditions at encoding:                ->Context-dependent memory                ->State-dependent memory                ->Mood-dependent memory