Chapter 13: Psychopathology

Anxiety disorders:
     Phobic disorder: irrational fear of things
          Preparedness hypothesis: innate tendency to respond automatically to stimuli that posed survival threat
          May be classically conditioned

     Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder:
          Thoughts persist despite efforts to suppress them
          Causes anxiety
          Reduces anxiety by performing rituals
          Behaviors become compulsive through operant conditioning

Schizophrenic disorders: distortions in thoughts, perceptions, emotions
     Many can lead fairly normal life
     Major problems adjusting to reality
          Positive symptoms: sensory overload, hallucinations, delusions
          Negative symptoms: deficits in affect, motivation
     Dopamine hypothesis: too much dopamine leads to positive symptoms, not enough dopamine leads to negative symptoms
     Diathesis-stress hypothesis: biological factors place individuals at risk and environmental stressors transform potential into actual disorder