| Chapter 8: Motivation Motivation: internal state that activates, guides, and maintains behavior. Drive theory: based on mechanistic view of behavior Biological need arises: difference between current and homeostatic physiological state Organism driven to behave in ways that restore homeostasis Behaviors that reduce drive are reinforced Behaviors that increase drive are punished Incentive/Expectancy theory: behavior is "pulled" by expectations of attaining desired outcomes and gain incentives. Expectancy: belief that the behavior will provide reward Instrumentality: kind of reward Valence: how good the reward is |
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