If you would like to project the outcome of your country or costs, this is the place to find your formula's! These formula's are obviously not 100% correct, but they are a well estimate of what you should expect. Just a side note instead of using "x" for multiplication I've used the "*" symbol instead for the sake of easier reading.
Alliance Costs:
Defallies * Networth * 0.002
Offensive Allies: Offallies * Networth * 0.002
Intelligence Allies: Intelallies * Networth * 0.0015
Research Allies: Resallies * Networth * 0.0015
Trade Pacts: Tradepacts * Networth * 0.0005

Buildings Per Turn
(CS/4 + 5)* GvtConstr

Construction Costs 3 * Land + 1500
Destruction Costs 1/5 * (3 * Land + 1500)

Food Production (Farms * 53 + Free Land * 4) * GvtFood * AgrTech
Food Consumption Troops * 0.0048 + (Jets + Turrets) * 0.00384 + Tanks * 0.0132 + Spies * 0.018 + Pop * 0.216

GDI Costs Land * 4

Industrial Production Troops:
Ind * (Troop% * 2.5) * Ind Tech * IndGvtBonus
Jets: Indy* (Jet% * 2) * IndTech * IndGvtBonus
Turrets: Ind * (Turret% * 2) * IndTech * IndGvtBonus
Tanks: Ind * (Tank% * 0.5) * IndTech * IndGvtBonus
Spies: Ind * (Spy% * 0.8) * IndTech * IndGvtBonus

Maximum Population
2 * (6 * Land) * (1 - 0.95 * Tax) * (1 + 2 * Res/Land) * ResTech

Max Tech %
Military costs: 87% of Normal
Military losses: 67% of Normal
Max Productivity: 180% of Normal
Max Population: 180% of Normal
Max Farm Production: 225% of Normal
Likelihood of New Development: 5% Per Turn
Conditioning Level: 200% of Normal
Military Effectiveness: 150% of Normal
Industrial Production: 140% of Normal
Spy Effectiveness: 150% of Normal
Missile Protection: 90%

Constant: If  (Milbases/Land + 0.005) < 0.3*(1 - 1.3 * (Bases/Land + 0.005)) Else: 0.61

Military Upkeep:
Troops * 0.12 * MilTech * (1 + Networth/30000000) * Constant

Jets: Jets * 0.13 * MilTech * (1 + Networth/30000000) * Constant

Turrets: Turrets * 0.17 * MilTech * (1 + Networth/30000000) * Constant

Tanks: Tanks * 0.551 * MilTech * (1 + Networth/30000000) * Constant

Spies: Spies * 1.001 * MilTech * (1 + Networth/30000000) * Constant

Networth (NW) Troops *1 + Jets * 1.1 + Turrets * 1.1 + Tanks * 4 + Spies * 2 + TotalTech * 4 + Land * 95 +
Buildings * 70 + Money/10000 + Food/2000 + Missiles * 5000 + Pop/3 + Oil/100

Per Capita Income (PCI) 22.5 * (1 - Tax) * (1 + (Net Worth/Land)/90000) * (1 + 2 * Ent/Land) * Bus Tech * Gov PCI

Private Market Costs
Troops: 120 * GvtMilCost * MilTech * (1 - 0.23333 * Bases/Land)
Jets: 162 * GvtMilCost * MilTech * (1 - 0.23333 * Bases/Land)
Turrets: 174 * GvtMilCost * MilTech * (1 - 0.23333 * Bases/Land)
Tanks: 492 * GvtMilCost * MilTech * (1 - 0.23333 * Bases/Land)
Private Market Replenishment Per Turn Troops: 3.5 * Land
Jets: 3 * Land
Turrets: 3 * Land
Tanks: Land

Revenue: PCI * Pop * Tax rate

Tech Points to Tech %: OriginalTech - GvtMaxTech * (1 - MaxTech) * (1 - e^ (LandTechMod))
The Land Tech Mod is hard to find, but is approximately (-tech/(150 + land *4), or -0.2855

Tech Per Turn 0.34 * Labs * (1 - (1 - Labs/Land)/2) + 3