Part One The Dawn of History

Chapter 1 The Earliest Beginnings

• The Nature of History
• Out of Afric
• From Homo Habilis to Homo Sapiens
• Early Human Art and Early Human Survival
• The Origins of Food Production
• The Emergence of Villages, Trade, and Warfare
• The Birth of Civilizations in Western Asia

Chapter 2 Mesopotamian Civilization

• Ancient Sumer: The World of the First Cities
• Old Babylonian Developments
• The Kassite and Hittite Interlude
• The Might of the Assyrians
• The New Babylonian Revival
• The Mesopotamian Legacy

Chapter 3 Egyptian Civilization

• Political History Under the Pharaohs
• Egyptan Religion
• Egyptian Intellectual Achievements
• The Splendor of Egyptian Art
• Social and Economic Life
• The Egyptian Achievement

Chpater 4 The Hebrew and Early Greek Civilizations

• Hebrew Beginnings
• The Record of Political Hopes and Frustrations
• Hebrew Religious Development
• Hebrew Law and Literature
• The Magnitude of the Hebrew Influence
• The Minoan and Mycenaean Civilizations

Part Two The Classical Civilizations of Greece and Rome

Chapter 5 Greek Civilization

• The Greek Dark Ages
• The Emergence of the City-States
• The Armed Camp of Sparta
• The Athenia Political Partnership
• The Persian War and the Peloponnesian War
• Women and Men in the Daily life of Ancient Athens
• Greek Philosophy
• Literature and Art
• The Greek Achievement

Chapter 6 The Hellenistic Civilization

• The persian Empire
• Philip of Macedon and Alexander the Great
• Political and Economic Trends
• Hellenistic Culture: Philosophy and Religion
• Hellenistic Culture: Literature and Art
• The First Great Age of Science
• The Balance Sheet

Chapter 7 Roman Civilization

• Early Italy and the Roman Monarchy
• The Early Republic
• The Fateful Wars with Carthage
• The Social Struggles of the Late Republic
• Rome Becomes Sophisticated
• The Principate or Early Empire (27 B.C.-180 C.E.)
• Culture and Life in the Period of the Principate
• Roman Law
• The Crisis of the Third Century (180-284 C.E.)
• Causes for Rome's Decline
• The Roman Heritage

Chapter 8 Christianity and the Transformation of the Roman World

• The Reorganized Empire
• The Emergence and Triumph of Christianity
• The New Contours of Christianity
• The Germanic Invasions and the Fall of the Roman Empire in the West
• The Shaping of Western Christian Thought
• Eastern Rome and the West

Part Three The Middle Ages

Chapter 9 Rome's Three Heirs: The Byzantine, Islamic, and Early-Medieval Western Worlds

• The Byzantine Empire and its Culture
• The Flowering of Islam
• Western Christian Civilization in the Early Middle Ages

Chapter 10 The High Middle Ages (1050-1350): Economic, Social, and Political Institutions

• The First Agricultural Revolution
• Lord and Serf: Social Conditions and Quality of Life in the Manorial Regime
• The Revival of Trade and the Urban Revolution
• Feudalism and the Rise of National Monarchies

Chapter 11 The High Middle Ages (1050-1300): Religious and Intellectual Developments

• The Consolidation of the Papal Monarchy
• The Crusades
• The Outburst of Religious Vitality
• The Medieval Intellectual Revival
• The Blossoming of Literature, Art, and Music

Chapter 12 the Later Middle Ages (1300-1500)

• Economic Depression and the Emergence of a New Equilibrium
• Social and Emotional Dislocation
• Trials for the Church and Hunger for the Divine
• Political Crisis and Recover
• The Formation of the Empire of Russia
• Though, Literature, and Art
• Advances in Technology

Part Four The Early-Modern World

Chapter 13 The Civilization of the Renaissance (C. 1350-c. 1550)

• The Italian Background
• The Renaissance of Thought and Literature in Italy
• The Artistic Renaissance in Italy
• The Waning of the Italian Renaissance
• The Renaissance in the North
• Renaissance Developments in Music
• The Scientific and Accomplishments of the Renaissance Perios

Chapter 14 Europe Expands and Divides: Overseas Discoveries and Protestant Reformation

• The Overseas Discoveries and Conquests of Portugal and Spain
• The Luthern Upheaval
• The spread of Protestantism
• The Protestan Heritage
• Catholic Reform

Chapter 15 A Century of Crisis for Early-Modern Europe (C. 1560-C. 1660)

• Economic, Religious, and Political Tests
• A Half Century of Religious Wars
• Years of Trembling
• Quests for Light out of Darkness
• Literature and the Arts

Chapter 16 The Economy and Society of Early-Modern Europe

• Life and death: Patterns of Population
• The Dynamics of Agriculture and Industry
• The Commercial Revolution
• Colonization and Overseas Trade
• Life Within a Society of Orders

Chapter 17 The Age of Absolutism (1660-1789)

• The Appeal and Justification of Absolutism
• The Absolutism of Louis XIV
• Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe, 1660-1720
• The English Exception
• Warfare and Diplomacy: The Emergence of a State system
• Enlightened Absolutism and Limited Monarchy in the Eighteenth Century
• War and Diplomacy in the Eighteenth Century

Chapter 18 The Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment

• The Scientific Revolution
• The Foundations of the Enlightenment
• The World of the Philosophes
• The Onward March of Science
• Classicism and Innovation in Art and Literature
• Baroque and Classical Music

Part Five The French and Industrial Revolutions and Their Consequences

Chapter 19 The French Revolution

• The coming of the Revolution
• The Destruction of the Ancien Regime
• A New Stage: Radical Revolution
• Napoleon and Europe
• The Vienna Settlement

Chapter 20 The Industrial Revolution

• The Industrial Revolution in England
• The Industrial Revolution on the Continent
• The coming of the Railways
• Industrialization After 1850

Chapter 21 Consequences of Industrialization: Urbanization and Class Consciousness (1800-1850)

• People on the Land
• Ubranization and the Standard of Living
• The Life of the Urban Middle Class
• The Life of the Urban Working Class
• The Middle-Class Worldview
• Early Critics of the Middle-Class Worldview

Chapter 22 The Rise of Liberalism (1815-1870)

• Conservative Reaction, 1815-1830
• Liberal Gains in Western Europe, 1815-1832
• Liberalism in Britain and France, 1830-1848
• The Revolution of 1848 in France
• Liberalism in France and Britain after 1850

Chapter 23 Nationalism and Nation-Building (1815-1870)