Yaolee Chen

English 101

The First Summary of the Ten Sources

Glenn Simshaw

Horowitz, et al. On the Edge: the U.S. Since 1945. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2002. p. 288.

Summary:

The U.S. Won the Gulf War, but Hussein was not happy about the US because we killed the civilians in Iraq.

Tanter, Richard. Pipeline Politics: Oil, gas and the US interest in Afghanistan. http://www.zmag.org/tanteroil.htm, January 27, 2003.

Summary:

The purpose of our war in Afghanistan is for the shortest oil pipeline connecting between Turkmenistan and Persian Gulf that must past the land of Afghanistan.

17miles alone the Black Sea and Caspian Sea produced 1.7 barrels of oil every day. Most of the oil pipeline around the Black Sea had been occupied by the British oil companies; yet, the American pipelines still could be found in Caspian Sea, Iran, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Kazakhstan. The sources of the oil are these countries connecting with south Russia, Xingjang in China, and North Korea. Unocal had paid 1 billion of transfer fees to the government of Afghanistan; by which action, Unocal gained the 85% of the right in using the shortest oil pipeline, and it angered the American oil companies. So, the U.S. did, first, accuse Unocal a forced labor organization. Unocal lost a huge amount of money by the lawsuit in a court in America in 2000. Second, the U.S. took the advantage of the 9/11 as an excuse to create the wars against Taliban (a U.S. supported government and rise to power in 1990s).

“Caspian Sea Region Oil: Table and Map, Table 2”. www.eia.doe.gov, Feb.11^th 2002.

Summary:

The Net Exports of oil from Caspian Sea Region did not meet the increasing need of the oil by the U.S.

“Caspian Sea Region: Tables and Maps, table 5”. www.eia.doe.gov, Feb.11^th 2002.

Summary: The plan of connecting oil pipeline, from the south of Russia, Xingjiang in China, to North Korea, is costly (it will cost the oil companies 10 billion dollar to make the connection). To secure the right to use the shortest oil pipeline the U.S. wanted to replace the Taliban government.

“Caspian Sea Region: Tables and Maps, Figure 1”. www.eia.doe.gov, Feb.11^th 2002.

Summary: The U.S. planned to open a vertical pipeline in Caspian Sea, passing the left side of Turkmenistan and down to the north of Afghanistan.

Turkmen Oil and Natural Gas: The V …ering Prosperity to Global Markets. Page 1 of 13. http://www.american.edu/projects/mandala/TED/turkmen.htm, Feb. 11, 2002.

Summary: From the map, because of its geographic position, one could see why the U.S. needs a new government in Afghanistan.

Turkmen Oil and Natural Gas: The V …ering Prosperity to Global Markets. Fig.2 Existing and planned oil pipelines and pipeline routes of Central Asia. http://www.american.edu/projects/mandala/TED/turkmen.htm, Feb. 11, 2002.

Summary: According to the plan, another 4 vertical pipeline in Caspian Sea, connection the oil from the south of Russia to the north of Afghanistan are under construction or planned by now. These plans are ideologies and they cost the sacrifices of the human lives.

“Economic Recovery Appears Underway” Invest Avenue. Feb. 12, 2002. <wysiwyg://framespace.5/http://www.centralasianews.net> Feb. 11, 2002.

Summary: The U.S. prosperity is expectable if success in the war with Afghanistan, for a cheaper price of the oil will be available.

“Caspian Sea Region” Energy Information Administration, July 2001. http://www.eia.dog.gov/emeu/cabs/caspian.html Feb. 11th, 2002.

Summary: Caspian Sea Region is rich in oil.

“Caspian Sea Region” Energy Information Administration, July 2001. http://www.eia.dog.gov/emeu/cabs/afghan.html Feb. 11th, 2002.

Summary: Afghanistan has a potential transit route for oil and natural gas exports from Central Asia to the Arabian Sea.

Jakypova, Chinara and Vladimir Davlatov. “US Campaign Poses Threat to Central Asia” Institute for War and Peace Reporting Issue No. 103. Bishkek, Dushanbe, Russian. February 8, 2002. also, available in the web site: <wysiwyg://framespace.5/http://www.iwpr.net/index.pl?centasia_index.html>, Feb. 11^th, 2002.

Summary: Washington’s quest for allies in its war on terrorism risks democracy and human rights across Central Asia.

Summary: Our war in the Middle East violated to the human’s right, unlike what we often heard form the media.

Lewis, Dana. “Conference of Intolerance and threat” NBC News http://www.msnbc.com/news/761580.asp June 4th, 2002.

Summary: President of Russia, Putin wondered if the war is necessary for the Pakistan and India.

“Text of NATO-Russia Declaration” NBC News provided by the Associated Press. http://www.msnbc.com/news/758218.asp. May 28, 2002.

Summary: The Russia would help the U.S. to fight against the terrorists.

La Rouche, Lyndon. La Rouche’s History-Making Statement of May 1. Los Angeles, CA: La Louche, 2002. page 8.

Summary: The U.S. used the land of Israel to transport the oil that they purchased from Saudi Arabia, passing through Haifa or Gaze Strips, to Mediterranean Sea, or to the Red Sea passing through the Suez Cannel.

Lippman, Walter. Cold War. “Introducation to the Torchbook Edition”. Page 18.

Summary: To secure our rights for capitalism, the US created an ideology based on the fear of communism, known as the Cold War: by the Cold War, the US increasingly spent the money on the military defense, and the Soviet Union suffered its people to collect the revenue for the strengthening military power in response. The Cold War is an ideology for the Americans to ensuring their rights for the capitalism. Walter Lippmann predicted that the 8,000 words of telegram by George Canning was a blueprint for the US to invade the whole world on the earth.

May, Elaine Tyler. Myths and Realities of the American Family , Chapter 6, “Cold War-Warm Hearth: Politics and the Family in Postwar America”. Page 153.

Summary: The Americans of 1950s asserted to have a nuclear family was necessary, and it became the goal of their purchasing happiness.

Truman, Harry S. Harry S. Truman and the Fair Deal. Lexington, Mass.: C. heath Co. 1974. Page 191

Summary: To secure the right to be the Capitalism, Harry S. Truman demanded the government employees to be the loyalists and he punish any officers who might be the communists throughout the program of executive order 9835, which was called the federal loyalty program.

Wechsler, James A. “To be Called Before the McCarthy Committee”. McCarthyism ed. By Thomas C Reeues. Hinsdale, Illionis: The Dryden Press, 1973. page 37.

Summary. The McCarthyism is a defense right for the Americans who wanted to be the Capitalism. But the anti-communists crusade sometimes went over ahead; this article is a good example, McCarthy and James A. Wechsler once were friends. But later Wechster condemned McCarthy. By the law, all men haf the equal right to happiness; but in the case like anti-communists cruse, the people of McCarthyism were hating each other. We do have the right to purchasing cheap oil: but, the false is that when the US was fighting for the oil; we had, by accident, killed the civilians of Afghanistan.

Marling. As Seen On the TV. Part V, “When Elvis Cut His Hair: The Meaning of Mobility.

Summary: “[A] mobility beyond mere hip-wagging motion” (137), Elvis often shook his hips as a right of happiness to have the open sex, while sing on the TV in 1950s.

Jackson, Kenneth. “ The Baby Boom and the Age of the Subdivision”, The Way We Live Vol. 2. Ed. By Frederick M. Binder and David M. Reimers. Lexington, Massachussetts: D.C. Heath Co., 1988. page 263.

Summary and Comment: The right to have jobs for women did not change in the 1950s. Right after the Second War, veterans took away the jobs that existed in the market. So, what a woman could do was to find a man and to get married. Then her job was to be a housewife. She continued to have the right of holding a job. What, today, the US was doing in Afghanistan was to keep its job to help the Americans get a higher income. We thought we could not do without the using of military power, but it also was a mythology. The cheap oil was not necessary, and the using military was not necessary as the women were not necessary to be the housewife. Being a housewife was not the only thing a woman could do in reality.

Lenchtenburg, William. A Troubled Fear: American Society Since 1945. reversed edition Boston: Little Brown Co., 1979. Page 69.

Summary: In the 1950s, the consumerism continued to grow. Forty-five percent of GNP up from 1945 to 1960. The U.S. with the right of purchasing happiness was becoming wealthier; and eventually, the prosperity of the 1950s had brought Americans to the Homogenized Society.

May, Elaine Tyler. Myths and Realities of the American Family, Introduction.

Summary: The children of 1950s had their rights of purchasing happiness also, they disagreed with their parents and had a lower birthrate in 1960s. The definition of happiness varied, but for the both children and the parents, Americans shall have the right to happiness.

Meyerowitz, Joanne. Not June Cleaver, Introduction: Women and Gender in Postwar America, 1945-1960.

Summary: Meyerowitz challenged the ideas of June Cleaver. An Idealized white woman of the middle class was to clean the house, washing dishes, waiting for her husband home, and sending their kids to the beds as a way of purchasing happiness. Women of their time felt happy to be a housewife. Meyerowitz in the article argued that was it all a woman could do for her life.

Wills, Garry. The Kennedy Imprisonment: A Meditation on Power. New York: Pocket Books, 1981. page 285-296.

Summary: The right of purchasing happiness had been abused by John F. Kennedy; by which abusing power, we had went through the missile crisis with the Russia.

Johnson, Lyndon. “The Great Society”, May 22, 1964 speech at the University of Michigan, from J.R. Conlin & C.H. Peterson, eds., An American Harvest: Reading in American History: Reading in American History, Vol. 2. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jouanouich, 1986. page 191-194.

Summary: The right of happiness was given to every citizens of the United States through the document “The Great Society” by Lyndon Johnson that three places begin to build the great Society--- in our cities, in our countryside, and in our classrooms.

My Comment: And our planned oil pipeline will promote the globe economy in the world.

George R. Mercalf. “The Pilgrimage of Malcolm X”. Portrait of America, Vol.2, 4^th edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1987. page 381-395.

Summary: Malcolm X also had his right to happiness. He asserted that the international equality was achievable throughout the religion. Later, he was assassinated. But he enjoyed his right to dream about his ideology. Today, our war in Afghanistan, also, was an ideology, for in the early of May, the U.S. troops faced the hostile in Ghost and Wazristan sympathetic to what the Americans had with the Taliban a month ago: for we do have the right to purchase the cheap oil, but the killing civilians is wrong.

A History of Our Time: Readings on Postwar America. Ed. By William H. Chafe and Harvard Sitkoff. New York: Oxford UP, 1983. 142-146.

Summary: Now, the U.S. military power is becoming the “Black Power” “ a battle for self-determination rather than pursue an illusionary desegregation”(142). We often heard President Bush said that we are fighting for self-defense: a better explanation of the word “Self-Defense” is that President Bush had asserted the Americans must have the worldly higher income than the rest of the people outside of the US. The planning vertical oil pipelines in Caspian Sea and leading them through Afghanistan to Persian Gulf might be just an illusion, which is an ideology of the American right to happiness. It’s an ideology because our right of happiness had violated to the right of the civilian lives in Afghanistan.

The Black Panthers Speak. Ed. by Philip S. Foner. New York: J. B. Lippincott Co. 1970. page 2-6.

Summary: “We want power to determine the destiny of our Black Community.” “We want land, bread, housing, education, clothing, justice and peace.” The Black Pantheon Party was a little better than the no Revolutionary Nationalism; yet, the members of the party shooting at the policemen on the streets, they justified their action was a self-defense.

My Comment: Since May, 2002, the U.S. is more like the Black Panthers Speak, which said, “We want power to determine the destiny of our Black Community”(2). The “power” today the U.S. mainly talking about was the strong military power, “Armma sales by the Americans increasingly dramatically aimed sign that the U.S. culture was even more Popular among the Middle East elites. The U.S. military equipments and guarantee became the chief safe guide for the independent nation of the Arabian sates of the Persian Gulf. The U.S. expanded now even into the former Soviet region of Cacasus and the Central Asia”. And the reason we must defense our capitalism with the strong military power after the fall of the Cold War in this very year of 2002 was for the oil, an economic reason. I refer our war in Afghanistan was like a fight of the Black Pantheon Party, for the blacks do ask for a better economic condition(3). The Americans do have the right of happiness, but the abusing power for the right of happiness is an aggressive action--- the war in Afghanistan is an illusive ideology.