The Cambridge History of China Vol XII: The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644, Part I. ed. by Federick W. Mote and Denis Twitchett. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. 1988. 45-57

Part I     Zhu Yuan-Zhang: A Personal History (1328-1367)

Chapter One The Year 1344

Zhu Yuan-Zhang

Traditionally, in Chinese history, the emperors often came from the houses of nobilities or of the upper class. But Zhu Yuan-Zhang was the only exception, his family was just like many ordinary common families as those who live by Yang-z River. Zhu Yuan-Zhang grew up from a traditional Chinese family of the working-class.

He was born at a village called, Zhong-Li Cwen, in the area of Hao Zhou, in the Provincial of An Hui; the location of his birth place was in the south of the upper Yang-z River. And his birthday was on October 21, 1328, 49 years after the Mongolian military occupied on the lands of Central China, a territory where the heavenly gods had promised to the Chinese people as for an heritage of the descents of the Han Dynasty (200 BCE-220CE). The Dynasty had passed away more than a thousand years ago continued to exist in the daily life for the people who lived in the area of Central China when Zhu Yuan-Zhang was born. The places, like where Zhu Yuan-Zhan lived, around the Yang-z River are called Central China. Even today, the Chinese grand their citizenship of Han Dynasty. The residents lived by Yang-z River, particularly, had granted Central China as a land inherited from their ancestors, and it was given by the heavenly gods that the Chinese receive the lands by the law of nature and of the natural gods. It was a hard issue for the Mongolians to take over the homeland of Chinese, for the Chinese people deep from the roots of their hearts had denied the Mongolian authority. The grandfather of Zhu Yuan-Zhang was just one of many common Chinese elders who liked to talk about the glorious history of Han Dynasty, how that the emperors loved the Chinese and had treated them like the educated or well-learned human beings. How the women were treated like the women, how the children were taught to follow the rules of ritual, and how men were granted their rights to be superior or to live humbly in Chinese society. Zhu Yuan-Zhang had been longing for to live in a traditional Chinese society while he was yet a child; and, later, it became an important cause for him to be the emperor of China that he thinks he was given a birth at a bad time to rescue his people from the persecution of Mongolian authority.