Ryan Velarde

Period 4

11-8-05

California History Standards

10.2 Students compare and contrast the Glorious Revolution of England, the American Revolution, and the French Revolution and their enduring effects worldwide on the political expectations for self-government and individual liberty.

· The Glorious Revolution of England was when the king was overthrown. During this time the English Bill of Rights was passed. England became a limited monarchy. It abolished corrupt excessive fines and cruel or unjust punishment. This also set the law that a person had to be proven guilty before they were imprisoned. The Glorious Revolution did not accomplish a democracy, but it limited the power of monarchs. During and after the American Revolution the cabinet came into rule Britain. The American Revolution gave birth to the Constitution. The constitution created a federal republic and split the power between the country and states. It also said that people have basic rights which the government must protect. During the French Revolution Democracy and Republicanism replaced the absolute monarchy in France. France adopted a constitution. Declaration of the rights of man and the citizen is adopted. All of the revolutions abolished a monarchy and had some other form of government. Not all the revolutions went into a democracy. All the revolutions gave the individual more power and a chance to have a say in government.

1. Compare the major ideas of philosophers and their effects on the democratic revolutions in England, the United States, France, and Latin America (e.g., John Locke, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Simón Bolívar, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison).

· Hobbes believed that people are driven by selfishness and greed. People must give up their freedom to a government who will ensure order and who is strong. Locke believed that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property. Rulers have a responsibility to protect those rights and the people have the right to overthrow a government that does not protect those rights. Montesquieu believed that the powers of the government should be divided up into executive, legislative, and judicial branches, each providing a system of checks and balances on the other branches. Rousseau believed that people would make the laws and then obey them. Thomas Jefferson put what he believed would help the country into the Constitution. James Madison is known as the father of the Declaration so a lot of the ideas were his. The beliefs of Bolivar made Latin America free from Spain. Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau set up the ideas for the England and United States form of government. There beliefs show up in the Constitution along with those of Jefferson and Madison.

2. Understand the unique character of the American Revolution, its spread to other parts of the world, and its continuing significance to other nations.

· The American Revolution set up a government in which other countries wanted to follow. It had a direct affect on Britain and England since Britain owned the colonies. It helped add to the abolishment of a monarchy. It gave more power to the people. Other countries saw how affective this was and the ideas that came out of the American Revolution were spread throughout other countries. The effects of the American Revolution are still important today because countries still use the ideas that came from the American Revolution. Countries today are still trying to change and use the ideas from the American revolution.

3. Explain how the ideology of the French Revolution led France to develop from constitutional monarchy to democratic despotism to the Napoleonic empire.

· The people of France wanted more power so they rebelled and started the French Revolution. Because of this the Declaration of the rights of man and citizen were adopted. The monarchy was abolished because the monarchs had too much the power and the people did not like it. The people wanted a say in the laws and what happened in their country. In the Napoleonic Empire people gained the rights of the enlightened thinkers. Although the people got these rights, women lost most of their rights that they had gained from the Revolution. Napoleon valued order and authority over individual rights.

4. Discuss how nationalism spread across Europe with Napoleon but was repressed for a generation under the Congress of Vienna and Concert of Europe until the Revolutions of 1848.

· Napoleon focused on governing his country. He wanted to make his country the best. He believed that order and authority in his country was the most important thing so the people of the country started to believe this and nationalism started to spread. Nationalism was repressed because the Congress of Vienna and Concert of Europe destroyed nationalism and mixed national cultures by the borders of countries they drew. Order was also kind of lost. The revolutions once again gained order.