Ryan Velarde

Period 4

11-15-05

Chapter 19 Study Guide

Chapter 19.1

I. The Old Regime

a. Under ancien regime everyone in France belonged to one of three classes: the first estate made up of the clergy, the second estate made up of nobility, and the 3^rd estate which was the vast majority of the people.

b. In 1789, the 3^rd estate consisted of 98% of the population.

c. 90% of the 3^rd estate were rural peasants.

II. A Financial Crisis

a. France was in a financial crisis because of deficit spending, or spending more money than you have.

b. Louis XIV left France in major debt.

c. Many succeeding rulers tried to reform and fix the problem in France, but they failed.

III. The King Takes Action

a. At the end of 1788, France was on the verge of bankruptcy.

b. Louis XVI tried to reform France.

c. All of the estates got together and they made a list of grievances they had.

IV. Storming the Bastille

a. More than 800 Parisians gathered around the Bastille.

b. The mob finally broke through the Bastille and it was a sign of a revolution, the French Revolution.

c. July 14 is known as Bastille Day, the French National Holiday.

Chapter 19.2

I. Revolts in Paris and the Provinces

a. The Political Crisis of 1789 was punctuated by the worst famine of memory and the people had to spend 80% of their income on bread.

b. The peasants attacked nobles because they were angry.

c. Paris was also in turmoil.

II. Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity.

a. On August 4^th nobles in the National Assembly voted to end their special privileges.

b. Because of this feudalism was abolished.

c. The assembly issued the declaration of the rights of man and the citizen.

III. Women March on Versailles

a. Angry mobs marched from Paris to Versailles shouting bread.

b. This mob was made up of thousands of women.

c. Much of the mob’s anger was directed at the queen, Marie Antoinette.

IV. A Time of Reform

a. The National Assembly went to Paris and worked to draft a new constitution to solve the financial crisis.

b. To pay off the debt, the government decided to take over church land and sell it.

c. The Constitution of 1791 set up a limited monarchy.

V. Reaction outside France.

a. William Wordsworth was an English poet who wrote a poem called The Prelude.

b. In Europe, supporters of the Enlightenment liked the reforms in France.

c. European rulers and nobles denounced the French Revolution.

VI. War at Home and Abroad

a. Economic problems were renewed.

b. The revolutionary currency dropped in value which caused food shortages once again.

c. In April 1792 the war of words between the French Revolutionaries and European Monarchs moved onto the battlefield.

Chapter 19.3

I. Downfall of the Monarchy

a. War heightened tensions in Paris.

b. On August 10, 1792 the Parisians invaded and slaughtered the king’s guards which caused the royal family to flee.

c. Radicals wanted an election for a new legislative body.

II. The Convention Under Siege

a. By early 1793 France was threatened on all sides of the country.

b. To deal with threats to France, the convention created the committee of Public Safety which prepared France for all-out war.

c. French armies overran the Netherlands and invaded Italy.

III. Reaction and the Directory

a. In reaction to the terror, the revolution entered a 3^rd stage.

b. In 1795 the 3^rd Constitution since 1789 was produced.

c. The Directory decided to use Napoleon to advance their goals.

IV. Women in the Revolution

a. Women from all classes participated in the revolution since the start of it.

b. Many women were very disappointed when the declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen did not grant them equal rights.

c. In 1793, a committee of the National Convention declared that women did not have the moral and physical strength necessary to practice moral rights.

V. Changes in Daily Life

a. By 1799, the French Revolution had dislodged the old social order, overthrown the monarchy, and brought the church under state control.

b. All male citizens had liberty and equality.

c. Nationalism spread throughout France.

Chapter 19.4

I. The Man from Corsica

a. Napoleon Bonaparte was born on the French- ruled island of Corsica.

b. When he was young he was sent to be trained for the military.

c. He got enough power to call himself the Emperor of the French.

II. France Under Napoleon

a. He strengthened the central government.

b. He regulated the economy to control prices, encourage new industry, and build roads and canals.

c. Napoleon came out with a new code, and among the code women lost most of their rights they had gained from the revolution.

III. Subduing an Empire

a. Napoleon was a great and smart military leader who had a huge army.

b. Napoleon redrew the map of Europe and added some areas to France.

c. Napoleon could not take down Europe.

Chapter 19.5

I. Challenges to Napoleon’s Empire

a. French armies spread the idea of the Revolution throughout France.

b. In 1808 Napoleon replace the king of Spain with his own brother.

c. Many Spaniards remained loyal to their former king and devoted to the church.

II. Downfall of Napoleon

a. In 1813 Napoleon was defeated in the Battle of Nations at Leipzig.

b. After Napoleon stepped down from power, Louis XVIII became the king of France.

c. Napoleon died in 1821, but his legend lived on with all the great things he accomplished.

III. The Congress of Vienna

a. The Congress met for 10 months to decide what was going to happen in France.

b. Spies were paid to find out who was saying what to whom.

c. The chief goal of the Vienna decision makers was to create a lasting peace by establishing a balance of power.

IV. The Vienna Settlement

a. The peacemakers redrew the map of Europe.

b. The architects of peace promoted the principle of legitimacy.

c. The Vienna statesman achieved their immediate goals, but failed to see what would eventually happen.