Ryan Velarde

Period 4

9-30-05

Chapters 5 and 6 Study Guide

CH. 5
*Minoan civilization and the importance of its location- They lived in Crete which is by the Aegean Sea and they were very smart. They were very successful traders.

*Explain how Sparta's location was important.- They lived in Southern Greece. This was important because they could attack Athens very easily and they could not be attacked by sea.

*Trojan war- location- It took place in Troy and it involved the Trojans and the Mycenaeans. The Mycenaeans won by sending a wooden horse into the gates of Troy.

*geography of Greece created?- The land of Greece is full of mountains and valleys. Because of this there were many individual Greek city-states.

* Post Persian wars domination- The Persian Wars were between Persia and Athens. Athens won the wars and they became the most powerful city-state.

*Peloponnesian War- The war was 27 years long and it was between Athens and Sparta. Sparta won the war.

*Greek theater origins- Greek plays evolved out of religious ceremonies. They were performed outdoors in very large theaters.

*Alexander's achievements and empire- Alexander the Great conquered Persia. Alexander created a huge empire.

*center of Hellenistic world- Alexandria was the center of the Hellenistic world. Alexandria was a blending of cultures.

*geographic characteristics of Greece- Greece had many valleys and mountains. They were also by a lot of water.

*oligarchy- It is a government in which ruling power belongs to a few people. This type of government was adopted because a middle class started to emerge.

*democracy- It is a government in which the people hold ruling power. This happened because the people wanted more power.

*Spartan childhoods- The Spartan boys were chosen carefully. They trained in their childhood to become powerful warriors.

*Athens' golden age- They were the years after the Persian Wars. Pericles introduced many ideas to help Athens.

*Aristotle's meritocracy- He believed tat things happened for a reason. He was the student of Plato.

*Greek values- Greeks had many values. They had art, architecture, literature, medicine, and more.

CH 6

*Augustus- After Caesar died he was the king without calling himself king. The Age of the Roman Empire had begun during his rule.

*Julius Caesar- Julius Caesar was a great leader and he conquered a lot of land. He was stabbed and murdered.

*Hannibal- Hannibal dedicated his life to destroying the Romans.

*Jesus- He is the son of God. He spread the word of Christianity.

*Paul- He persecuted Jesus’ followers. After Jesus died he started to spread the word of Jesus.

*Odoacer- He was a Germanic leader and he ousted the emperor in Rome.

*Ptolemy- He was an astronomer and a mathematician. He proposed that the Earth was the center of the universe.

*Virgil- He was a poem. He tried to describe that Rome’s past was as good as Greece’s.

* Martyr- Someone who dies for their religion. Jesus was a martyr.

*mercenary- It is a soldier serving in a foreign army for pay. Rome had to hire mercenaries to protect its borders.

*messiah- A savior sent by god. Some Jews believed that one would be sent to lead the Jews to Freedom.

*patrician- A member of the upper landholding class of Rome.

*plebian- They the lower class in Rome.

*aqueduct- It is a pipe that carries water. The Romans used this because they wanted fresh clean water.

*heresy- Beliefs said to be contrary to official church teachings.

*legion- It is a basic unit of the ancient Roman Army. T is made up of about 5,000 soldiers.

*republic- It is a system of government in which the officials are chose by the people. The Romans had a republic government.

*sect- It is a small religious group. Christianity started out as a sect.