Books
Bernard Lewis, The Emergence of Modern Turkey, London: Oxford UP, 2nd edition 1968
Douglas A. Howard, The History of Turkey, Connecticut: Greenwood Press 2001
Websites
Nemrud Tepesi. Modernization of Turkey. March 2005. Adiyamanli. October 11, 2005. http://www.adiyamanli.org/r_modern.htm
Rit Nosoro. Kemal Ataturk: Founder of the Modern Turkish Republic. October 1999. Hyperhistory. October 11, 2005. http://www.hyperhistory.net/apwh/bios/b2ataturkkemal.htm
Articles
Anthony Gottlieb. "Picking Up the Pieces". New York Times Oct.16, 2005
Roger Cohen. "Why Turkey Matters." New York Times. Oct.1, 2005
Links to other sites on the Web