Eritrean Border Conflict in 2nd Year
By Julia Stewart;Associated Press Writer
Wednesday, May 19, 1999
SHAMBUKO, Eritrea (AP) --
When she laid her gun down after the war for independence eight years ago, Tsegay Roma Menasse rejoiced at the chance to settle down, build a home and raise a family.
But Ethiopian bombs destroyed Tsegay's house, and she and her two young children now live in a tent alongside thousands of other Eritreans displaced by another war in the Horn of Africa.
As it entered its second year this month, the border conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea is at an impasse. Like so many of her neighbors, Tsegay despairs of ever finding peace.
``I never expected this war to last so long,'' she said at one of two camps housing 20,000 Eritreans near the western front. ``Maybe my own children will grow up to fight also.''
Government figures estimate 250,000 Eritreans and 300,000 Ethiopians have been displaced from their homes along the 620-mile ill-defined border since war erupted May 6, 1998. It isn't the first time the region has been riven by violence: Eritrean rebels fought a 30-year war against Ethiopia before finally winning independence in 1993.
Ethiopia has kept reporters away from its northern border region, and there have been few reports on the condition of residents there.
In Eritrea, the displaced have fled the border to escape artillery fire. But many still fear Ethiopian bombers, which have killed or wounded about 70 civilians since the war began.
Ethiopia and Eritrea blame each other for persecuting the other's citizens. Eritrea said this week that Ethiopia is preventing 10,000 Eritreans, whose property and assets have been confiscated, from leaving Ethiopia. Ethiopia has denied it.
The United States, the United Nations, Rwanda and the Organization of African Unity have tried to end the war. The U.N. Security Council and several Western nations have repeatedly urged a cease-fire.
An OAU proposal that would have both sides withdraw from contested areas and submit to verification is touted as the best alternative.
Ethiopia claims Eritrea is refusing to commit to withdrawing troops from occupied areas. Eritrea says Ethiopia keeps adding names to the list of places they have to leave.
Egypt, Libya and Sudan, all vying for influence in the Horn, have recently taken the lead in mediation efforts. Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles Zenawi met Wednesday with Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak after visiting Moammar Gadhafi in Libya.
Eritrean President Isaias Afwerki met with the same two leaders earlier this month.
``There are sharp differences between them ... even the final shape of any possible solution or settlement has not been defined yet,'' Egyptian Foreign Minister Amr Moussa said after the Ethiopian's meeting with Mubarak.
Sudan, which had been on bad terms with both countries, is fast mending relations, reportedly to outmaneuver Egypt.
Eritrea and Ethiopia have their own geopolitical designs in the region, reportedly backing different warlords in nearby Somalia in a bid to win influence.
Meanwhile, Ethiopian jets continue to bomb Eritrea, prompting fear, anger and despair among the people most affected by the war.
In western Eritrea, some of the displaced like Tsegaye live in camps where they have set up a makeshift market.
Fearing more bombing, 7,000 other farmers and herders have sent up tents in forested areas away from the border where they are subject to malaria-bearing mosquitoes as well as isolation.
Letense Asrat and her family lost everything in an Ethiopian air raid on their once-bustling market town of Shambuko, six miles from the Ethiopian border in western Eritrea.
Now, they sit brewing tea or homemade beer to sell to soldiers passing along Shambuko's broad, dusty boulevard, where broken shop doors swing on their hinges or lie among rubble and broken glass.
Their 20,000 neighbors all fled, but Asrat said she could not bear to be dependent on others.
``People told me to wait to return because they think Shambuko will be bombed again,'' she said. ``Of course I am afraid, but I have no choice.''