The Domination Of The Draka

[Draka Symbol]

Alternate Historical Timeline of the Domination


[Places are listed under their Draka-timeline names. Their equivalent in our history is given in parenthesis on first mention. Thus, Virconium (Durban, South Africa); Shahnapur (Maputo, Mozambique); etc. Events prior to 1783 with an outcome different from that in our history are marked, thus*. Events which differ from the official timeline are marked thus**.]

1776
Outbreak of American Revolution. Major Patrick Ferguson invents early breechloading rifle.

1779
France, Spain, Netherlands* declare war on Great Britain.

1779
British fleet under Admiral Lord Cochrane lands occupying force in Capetown.*

1780
Colonel Ferguson's loyalists victorious in battle of King's Mountain.* Several Loyalist units, including Tarleton's Legion and the newly formed Ferguson's Legion, re-equipped with Ferguson breechloaders.* Savage partisan warefare throughout Southern colonies.

1781
General Cornwallis besieged at Yorktown in Virginia, surrenders to American rebels and their French allies.

1782
British naval victories in Caribbean, occupation of Haiti and Trinidad.*

1783
Second Peace of Paris. American independence recognized; British Florida and her conquests in Caribbean are exchanged for possession of Dutch Cape Colony.*

1783
Loyalty Acts passed by British Parliament: the Cape is renamed the Crown Colony of Drakia, and all colonials who fought or otherwise suffered for their loyalty to the Crown are offered transport and land grants; so are the Hessian and other German mercenaries in British service at the time. Legislative Assembly meets in Capetown. General Patrick Ferguson is first Governor-General.

1780-83
First Loyalist refugees arrive in Capetown. Conquest of Southern Africa begun; border pushed to Tugela River.

1783-86
95,000 Loyalists and their families (not including some 10,000 slaves) arrive; 10,000 Hessians soon follow, with relatives and families arriving in a steady trickle from Germany. At this time the Dutch Afrikaner population is less than 9,000, and is soon assimilated through intermarriage.

1784
Founding of Virconium (Durban, South Africa), and Venta Belgarum (East London, South Africa). General Banastare Tarleton becomes first Commander-in-Chief.

1783-84
Famine devastates Iceland. 25,000 Icelanders offered asylum in Drakia, arriving 1783-86.

1784
Diamonds discovered in northern interior. Founding of Archona (Pretoria, South Africa)

1785
Gold discovered on Whiteridge (Whitwaterstrand) and in eastern Archona Province (Transvaal). First steam engines imported. Output reaches 1,000,000 ounces by 1786.

1786
Drakian Legislative Assembly passes Indentured Labor and Master and Servant Acts, establishing system of debt-peonage for conquered non-white population. This rapidly becomes indistinguishable from chattel slavery, which is also practiced.

1786-90
Rapid growth of economist and population. Export trades in diamonds, gold, copper, sugar, wool, salt, hides, ivory, etc., established. Drakian ships active in Atlantic and Indian Ocean slave trades. Zanzibar seized in 1789; Aden, 1791. Free population reaches 175,000; slave/serf 2,000,000. Transportation Directorate established to build road network to mines and settlements of far interior.

1790-92
Universities of Cape Town, Virconium, and Archona founded. Anglican bishoprics established in Cape Town and Virconium.

1792
Conquest of Northmark (Rhodesia/Zimbabwe); settlement and development proceed. Gold output exceeds 2,000,000 ounces annually.

1793
First coal mine in northern Natalia. Outbreak of French Revoulutionary/Napolconic wars.

1790-96
Period of rapid growth continues, with serious slave/serf revolts in 1792, 1794 and 1795-97. Slave Code of 1797 grants all free-men power of life and death over "slaves and other bondservants." Militia Act of 1792 establishes peacetime conscription and reserve service to age 60. Women's Militia Auxiliary founded as volunteer group. First Janissary Legion recruited from slaves bought in West Africa.

1795
African Mining and Metals Combine founded, Granted monopoly of large-scale mining, leases smaller deposits to discoverers. School of Mines founded in Archona.

1796
Richard Trevithick arrives in Virconium from Cornwall, appointed Inspector-General of Steam Engines by Mining Combine.

1799
Founding of Diskarapur (Newcastle, South Africa) and Shahnapur (Maputo, Mozambique). Trade with India Produces fad for Persian/Moghul artwork.

1794-97
French Population of Santo Domingo/Haiti flees before slave revolt. 11,000 arrive in Drakia. Royalists from European France follow.

1800
Free Population reaches 350,000. First iron-works, machine shops, shipbuilding yards started as Revolutionary/Napoleonic wars render imports uncertain. Cotton becomes important crop. Large-scale public works in roads, harbors, irrigation.

1800-02
Conquest of Egypt (occupied by French) and Ceyton, a possession of Dutch Republic allied with France. French colonies in West Africa seized.

1803
Revolt in Egypt suppressed, 300,000 rebels deported to Sinai work camps to begin construction of Suez Canal.

1803
High-pressure steam engine perfected by Richard Trevithick. Construction of Archona-Virconium railway line begins in 1805.

1804
First steam "drags" (trucks) and steamships.

1807
Ottoman Empire declares war on Britain due to Drakian refusal to evacuate Egypt. Drakian forces seize.Cyprus, Crete, Tunisia. Suez Canal completed.

1812
Americans overrun and annex British North America.

1815-16
Peace of Vienna confirms Africa as British/Drakian preserve. Portuguese colonies of Angola and Mozambique purchased. British veterans and Napoleonic refugees immigrate. Madagascar conquered.

1820
Cache of papyrus manuscripts round in Western Desert by Drakian Camel Corps patrol. Virtually all lost works of Classical literature and philosophy recovered (e.g., Sappho, Euripides, Aristotle, etc.). Classical revival affects Drakian culture. Foundation of Alexandria; growth of Combines. Petroleum first used as motor fuel, 1831.

1833
Under pressure from British, Drakia passes the Indentured Servitude Act, granting the General Constabulary prime jurisdiction over serf population. Guardianship Councils are formed at Provincial level to investigate serf complaints of mistreatment at the hands of Citizens.**

1820-40
Rapid growth of export agriculture and manufacturing/transport. Abolitionist groups in England and northern U.S. begin cultural political campaign against Drakia for alleged "depravity" and other violations of Victorian middle-class norms, This produces fierce anti-bourgeois sentiment in Drakia.

1800-40
"Drakia" becomes elided to "Draka" in popular usage. Free population reaches 1,000,000. Conquest of North Africa requires mobilization of over 150,000 men for most of period 1835-1860**. Increased employment of citizen women produces legal reforms, franchise agitation.

1848-49
Mexican-American War. "Young America" faction forces annexation of all of Mexico, over objections of President Polk.

1850
First transcontinental railway (Shahnapur-Luanda). Katanga copper discovered. Mombasa-Nile line built. Conquest of Sudan and Senegal. Brass-cartridge repeating rifle adopted by Draka forces. R.J. Gatling settles in Diskarapur, develops world's first practical machinegun.

1854-57
Small Draka expeditionary forces assist British in Crimean War and Indian Mutiny (most available forces are still committed to the North African campaigns)**. Hall process patented by Ferrous Metals Combine, enables steel to be produced as cheaply as wrought iron. Rival Bessemer method quickly eclipsed.

1854
Cuba, Philippines, Hawaii, Haiti, and Santo Domingo annexed by United States. Japan opened to Western trade. "Empire of Central America" established by Southern adventurers under command of William Walker, extends from Guatemala to Panamanian territories seized from Columbia.

1860-1864**
American Civil War begins as President Douglas bombards Savannah. Dominion of Draka provides limited clandestine aid (repeating rifles, gatling guns, steam warships, steam-powered warcars) to Confederacy**. Union casualties exceed 700,000, including large numbers of Mexican conscripts. Mexian territories achieve statehood. Douglas assassinated in 1864 by Confederate fanatic; Vice-President Lincoln inaugurated.

1863
Dominion of Draka Act, 1863, grants "responsible government" to Draka (practical sovereignty in effect)**.

1866-70
Louis Pasteur, at Shahnapur Institute Of Tropical Medicine, establishes mosquito vector of malaria. World total of private auto-steamers reaches 100,000, 75 percent of them in Dominion of Draka. Panama Canal under construction. Taiping Dynasty established in China, failure of effort to modernize. Bismarck unites Germany. Antiseptic surgery, anesthetics.

1865-68
75,000** Confederate refugees settle in Dominion of Drakia. Central American Empire annexed by United States. Freidrich Nietzsche immigrates to Domination.

1872
Steam turbine peiftcted by Alexandrian Technological Institute. First rigid dirigibles. Archona and Alexandria become first cities to establish telephone networks. Uraguay and Paraguay annexed by Empire of Brazil. Columbia, Venezuela, and Ecuador establish Republic of Grand Columbia. Australasian Federation unites Australia, New Zealand. Electric lighting.

1879-82
Anglo-Russian war, fought largely in Bulgaria and Afghanistan. Dominion of Draka rescues British from defeat; Odessa destroyed by Draka dirigible raid; worldwide condemnation of 50,000 civilian casualties. Draka introduce land mines, submarines, poison gas. Austro-German alliance with Ottoman Empire, construction of Berlin-Baghdad railway. Uprisings in Congo Basin result in large-scale deportations and unrest.

1882
First trans-Atlantic flight by Draka dirigible, from Apollonaris (Dakar, Senegal) to Recife, Brazil. Women's Auxiliary Corps made permanent part of Draka forces (in noncombatant roles). Free population of Dominion reaches 10,000,000. Bondservant Identification and Control Act requires fingerprinting and neck-tattooing of all serfs. Security Directorate founded as successor to General Constabulary.

1883
Revolt of serfs in textile mills of Alexandria (Alexandria, Egypt) suppressed; 150,000 dead. Capetown-Alexandria railway completed.

1890
Nomenclature Amendment Act makes popular term "serf" for debt-peons official.

1891
Libyan and Algerian oil fields discovered. Submachine gun developed by Technical Section of Draka armed forces.

1892-96
Regular airship lines established in several continents. Diesel engines invented, put into general use for dirigible and other special uses. Autostreamer output in U.S. surpasses Dominion of Draka's for first time.

1897
Diskarapur Institute team achieves heavier than-air flight with steam-turbine aircraft. An internal-combustion model flies in France a year later.

1898
Hawaii, Cuba, and Philippines become states of U.S. Guatemala and other Central American territories follow. William Jennings Bryan President.

1899
Military reform in England produces general election. Sino-Japanese war; Japan annexes Formosa, Hainan, Korea, several ports. Thermionic valve invented. Radio broadcasts.

1900
Japanese-British naval alliance. Anglo-German naval/dirigible armaments race begins. Germany, Austria, and Turkey sign Triple Alliance. France and Russia form Double Entente. Britain begins staff talks with France. Motion pictures with sound become common in U.S., shortly later, elsewhere.

1905
Russo-Japanese war, catastrophic Russian defeat; first instance of battleships sunk by aerial bombardment. Japan annexes Manchuria, establishes quasi-protectorate over weak Taiping government of China; attempts at occupation bog down. Revolution in Russia produces limited constitutional anarchy, administrative chaos. Experimentation with internal combustion engine for ground transport, esp. for military purposes. Wars in Balkans, etc. Women declared liable for peacetime conscription, for noncombatant and second-line tasks in Domination. Steam turbine used for railways.

1914
Dominion of Draka has free population of 28,000,000; serfs, 210,000,000. Total population of U.S. reaches 140,000,000. GNP of both nearly identical, but with great differences in distribution, etc.

1914-19
Great War between Triple Alliance and Entente powers (Joined by U.S. in 1917, under President Theodore Roosevelt). Draka defeat Austrian and Turkish forces, occupy Middle East, Thrace, Bulgaria. Widespread use of dirigible bombers, firestorm and poison-gas bombardments. Biplane pursuit fighters developed as defense. Civilian casualties in the 500,000 to 3,000,000 range in all maor combatants except the Draka and U.S. Revolution in Russia. Turbocompound engine developed, antibiotics, self-loading rifles, portable machine guns. Tank introduced on stalemated Western Front by both sides in 1916.

1918
Draka Women's Auxiliary Corps abolished; women integrated into military. More noncombat and near-combat tasks opened to female personnel.

1919
Unconditional surrender of Germany. Peace of Versailles. Draka refuse mediation of Powers, annex all conquests, enter period of economic and diplomatic isolation; last ties with Britian cut off, "Domination" becomes official title. U.S. also enters isolationist phase. Defeat of attempt at Prohibition in U.S. Marijuana becomes major social problem, Mexican gangsters prominent in many cities. Jazz age.

1920-22
Lenin dies. Pavel Milyukov installed as Premier by British intelligence. Begins economic and agricultural reforms.**

1921
Mussolini takes power in Italy, seizes Dalmatian coast and Montenegro, begins aggressive military buildup. Gao Xiong establishes Chinese Republic (with British aid and tacit consent of Japan).

1925
Domination invades and annexes Afghanistan. Prolonged resistance results in death of 65 percent of population; wars of pacification in other areas of New Territories. Gradual abolition of remaining restrictions on female personnel in Draka armed forces, with complete unification in 1933. Fuel cell developed as power source; experimental use in submarines. Hormonal contraceptives. Advances in Quantum theory.

1930
Stock market crisis leads to mild but chronic recession outside Domination. First chain reaction observed. Closed-circuit television.

1932
Hitler elected with majority in Germany. F.D. Roosevelt elected President in U.S.; declares "New Deal" for lower classes, Hispanics, etc. Limited recovery.

1936-37
Civil war in Spain; defeat of Nationalists by 1937. Soviet Republic of Spain established. Germany takes Austria. French and British abandon Czechoslovakia; Sudeten War follows. Clashes on Draka-Soviet border. Experiments with electrodetection (radar) in several countries. Domination begins long-term project to harness nuclear energy. Albert Einstein, Enrico Fermi move to U.S.

1938
Secret German-Soviet non-aggression pact. The treaty contains a guarantee of German aid in the event of Draka aggression.**

EURASIAN WAR BEGINS.

1939
France and Britain guarantee Poland. Eurasian War begins. Transistor invented in Toronto, State of Ontario. First commercial tape recorder.

1940
Fall of France. Battle of Britain ends in stalemate; Nazi submarines effectively close Atlantic. Japanese aggression in Southeast Asia produces severe tension with U.S., Australasian Federation.

1941**
Hitler dies of "natural causes". (In reality, poisoned by agents of Admiral Carnaris.) Herman Goering declared Reichchancellor. Exploitation of Jews and other minorities (as slave labor) continues, but extermination is rejected as too wastefull. Imperial Japan attacks U.S. on December 3rd, destroys entire American Pacific Fleet in Pearl Harbor. Hawaii, Philippines overrun. West Coast raided, landings made in Panama. U.S. declares war on Japan.

1942**
Domination launches suprise invasion of Italy, the Soviet Union, and the Balkans. Germany declares war on Draka, sends troops to Italy. Advisors and air units sent to Soviets.


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