Tamiz music Carnatic music paN rAgam padham swaram thALam thALam ArOhaNam ArOchai avarOhaNam amarOchai padham Ezu - saptha swaram - kural shadjam thuththam R^ishabham kaikkiLai panychamam uzai madhyamam iLi panychamam viLari dhaivatham thAram nishadham
In thEvAram the following paNs are used. The entire thEvAram is arranged in sequence with respect to the paNs. (The list below is not in the same sequence as that is followed in thirumuRais). In the 9 th thirumuRai a paN which is not used in other thirumauRai called sALarApANi is used.
paN rAga 1. n^attapAdai n^Attai 2. kolli n^avarOs 3. in^dhaLam n^Adhan^AmakriyA 4. kurinychi arikAmbhOdhi 5. chen^thuruththi madhyamAvadhi 6. yAzmUri atAnA 7. chIkAmaram n^Adhan^Amak kriyA 8. n^atta rAkam pan^dhuvarALi 9. thakkarAkam kAmbOdhi 10. pazan^thakkarAkam sudhdha sAvEri 11. pazam panychuram shaN^karAparaNam 12. thakkEsi kAmbhOdhi 13. chevvazi yadhukula kAmbhOdhi 14. piyan^dhaik kAn^dhAram n^avarOs 15. kAn^dhAram n^avarOs 16. kAn^dhAra panychamam kEdhAra gauLai 17. kollik kauvAnam n^avarOs 18. kausikam bhairavi 19. panychamam Akiri 20. sAdhAri pan^dhuvarALi 21. puRan^Irmai bhUpALam 22. an^dhALik kuRinychi sAmA 23. mEkarAkak kuRinychi n^IlAmpari 24. viyAzak kuRinychi saurAshtram 25. sALarApANi The following are structures and so no specific rAga assigned. 1. thiruk kuRun^thokai 2. thirun^Erichai 3. thiruviruththam 4. thiruth thANdakamIn the above table some of the paNs have same carnatic rAgA equivalent. (like kolli, kolli kauvANam have equivalent as navarOs). There should be some differences. People who have good knowledge on both music systems will be able to explain.
In the first seven thirumuRais (thEvAram as they are collectively called), nineth thirumuRai and some portions of eleventh thirumuRai (kAraikkAl ammaiyAr) the paN for every padhikam is specified and it is supposed to be sung in only that specified paN. There is a paN thiruththANdakam which is found in many of by thirun^Avukkarasar 's thEvArams and they are the oldest usage of that particular paN. So thirun^Avukkarasar is also called thANdaka vEn^dhar.
As vINA is the major music instrument in carnatic music, yAz was the most famous music instrument that gets mentioned in many of the ancient Tamiz literature. It is also a string instrument like vINA. There were a lot of musicians called pANar used to play the songs in the instrument yAz. A lot of saN^gam literature were written with the pANar as main characters.(perumpANARRuppdai, chiRupANARRuppadai etc.). Thiru n^IlakaNta yAzppANar of thiru erukkaththam puliyuur used to play the padhikams of thiru nyAna samban^dhar in yAz. More information on this instrument yAz can be found in "yAzn^Ul" written by swami vibulAnan^dha. Some of the other music instruments that are referred in thirumuRai are vINA (string instrument), kokkarai, kudamuzA (thALa instruments). Some hymns in "kallAdam" describe about these instruments.
All the thEvArams were locked up in a room in the chithambaram temple for some centuries. When the "Shiva pAdha sEkara" "thirumuRai kaNda chOza" emperor rAjarAjan took them out, the paN for many of the padhikams were not known. He asked madhaN^ka chULA maNiyAr, a woman successor came in the yAzpANar family specified the paN for all the padhikams and the padhikams are sung only in that specified paN.
The twelfth thirumuRai periya purANam tells about the making of flute
and playing on the flute in AnAya n^AyanAr purANam songs 13, 24-28.
kallAdam has reference to lot of music instruments.
Note:
Some of the information here are incomplete (like rAgA equivalents). Sending more information will be appreciated. saran@shaivam.org