Ahuitzotl Schild und Federkrone
Gemeinsame Herkunft und Geschichte
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These:
Wenn die Federkrone von Montezuma stammt, dann
ist der Federschild auch von ihm.
Indizien:
- Federn gleicher Farbe, türkiser
Leib des Ahuitzotl, Wimpern, nur die Quetzalsfederfarbe fehlt
auf Schild.
- "The most complete technical
description of the featherwork shield is given by Anders (1978:77-83),
but the earlier studies, especially by Heger (1892: 390-393)
and Brezina (1959), still contain useful additional information.
The sheet gold of the shield has recently been analyzed by Wilhelm
P. Bauer. (11) --->
11. The analysis was made
in April 1990 by using the microprobe (REM with energy-dispersive
analytical tool) of the institut für Silikatchemie and Archäometrie
of the Hochschule für Angewandte Kunst, Vienna (Prof. Dr.
A. Vendl, Chairman). The following results will be the subject
of a future publication by Bauer. The values for two other samples
(crescent, scale) from the headdress were obtained by using a
different method (Bauer and Rossmanith 1968:15) " Dann folgt
eine Tabelle.... (Kann, S. 50)
Of the two samples taken from different
of the shield, one shows a composition very much like that found
in a sample taken from one of disks attached to the feather headdress.
The second sample has a higher silver and copper content than
any of the three samples taken from the headdress. ... Given
the paucity of comparative analytical data, the ultimate significance
of these results cannot be presently evaluated." (Kann,
S.14)
Herkunftsgeschichte des "Rundells"
1522 auf Liste für
den Kardinal von Palencia, Don Pedro Ruiz de la Mota
1551 Bischof von Palencia, Don Pedro de la Gasca
1554 Erzherzog Ferdinand als König von Böhmen und Ungarn
1878 Naturhistorisches Museum
2001 Kunsthistorisches Museum
- "...dürfte der
vorkolumbische Schild ("Rundell") zwischen 1524 und
1526 nach Europa gekommen sein; um 1554 wird ihn Erzherzog Ferdinand
als König von Böhmen und Ungarn von Pedro de la Gasca,
damals Bischof von Palencia, geschenkweise erhalten haben. Hochstetter
hatte die Federinfel, die dessen in Seide aufgesticktes Bischofswappen
trug, gemeinsam mit dem Kopfschmuck 1878 aufgefunden. Beide waren
einst gemeinsam in den Besitz von Erzherzog Ferdinand von Tirol
gekommen." (Anders,
S.14)
- "Based on the assumption
of a shared history with the featherheaddress, the shield has
been attributed to Moctezuma from the days of Nutall (1892:53)
until today (e.g. Bray 1988:188, fig. 92). The assumption however
is mistaken." (Kann,
S.16)
- "Fortunately, the descriptions
of the shields, especially those on the list of ca. 1522 are
quite detailed. Thus we find as an intended gift "For our
Lady of the Portal de Toro ... a shield, the field red, and in
the center a monster of gold and feathers," and "For
the Lord Bishop of Palencia, Don Pedro Ruiz de la Mota ... three
shields, one [with] the field red, with a monster of gold and
feathers" (Saville 1920a: 61,63).
15
As Anders (1978:71) has pointed out, both descriptions match
the Ambras shield. The fact that the feather miter now in Vienna
and formerly in Ambras carries the coat of arms of Bishop Don
Pedro de la Gasca, between 1551 and 1562 the successor of Don
Pedro Ruiz de la Mota in Palencia, suggests that both the miter
and shield have come from the same source (Anders, 1978:71-74).
It is not known when the two pieces left Spain and reached Ambras,
and whether there was a dircect or indirect connection between
the bishop who died in 1567 and the archduke who moved his collections
from Prague to Tyrol in 1565 (Scheicher 1979:80). The incomplete
pre-1590 Ambras inventories have nothing to offer regarding either
the shield or the miter.
The list of ca. 1522 contains no clue as to how and where the
objects had been obtained. The suggestion that the shield may
have been the personal possession of the Aztec ruler Ahuitzotl
(1486-1502), and later "part of the treasure of Motecuhzoma's
predecessors (Pasztory 1983:280; Gomora 1987:124) is based on
the proposed, but unlikely identity of the animal shown with
the water monster ahuitzotl." (Kann, S.17)
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