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1208: Murder of Philip, King of Germany, by his daughter's rejected
suitor
1306: Philip IV "the Fair", King of France, gives a secret commission to William
de Nogaret (see 21 July)
1314: Edward II, King of England, relieves the siege of Edinburgh
1377: Richard II become King of England
1497: Discovery Day (by John Cabot) celebrated in Newfoundland
1547: Death of Sebastian del Piombo
1582: Murder of Oda Nobunaga
1591: Death of St. Aloysius
1598: English capture El Morro, the fort at San Juan, Puerto Rico
1607: 1st Protestant Episcopal parish in America established, Jamestown, Va.
1631: Death of Captain John Smith
1633: Galileo Galilei is forced by the Inquisition to "abjure, curse, &
detest" his Copernican heliocentric views
1788: The Constitution became effective when New Hampshire became the ninth state to
ratify it.
1805 Great Stoneface Mountain found in New Hampshire.
1813: There was inspiration for Beethoven in the form of Wellington's victory. He composed
a "Battle Symphony" using French and British patriotic music and the sounds of
actual muskets, fired at specific intervals like percussion instruments.
1834: Cyrus Hall McCormick received a patent for his reaping machine.
1879: F. W. Woolworth opens his first store
1887: Britain celebrated the golden jubilee of Queen Victoria.
1893: The first Ferris wheel is premiered at Chicago's Columbian Exposition.
1908: Rimsky-Korsakov died. The death of Rimsky-Korsakov is particularly tragic because
his music was advancing rapidly in those last few years.
1939: Doctors reveal Lou Gehrig has amyotrophic laterial sclerosis.
1943: Federal troops put down racial riot in Detroit (30 dead).
1945: Japanese forces on Okinawa surrender to the US during WW II.
1948: Dr. Peter Goldmark of CBS demonstrated the 'long playing record'.
1963: Pope Paul VI (Giovanni Battista Montini) succeeds John XXIII
1964: Three civil rights workers, Michael H. Schwerner, Andrew Goodman, and James E.
Chaney, disappear after release from a Mississippi jail.
1968: Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren resigns.
1975: Soyuz 19 returns to Earth.
1977: Former White House chief of staff H.R. Haldeman enters prison.
1982: John Hinckley Jr. was found not guilty by reason of insanity of the March 1981
shooting of President Reagan and three other people.
1985: International experts in Sao Paulo, Brazil, conclusively identified the bones of a
1979 drowning victim as the remains of Nazi war criminal Dr. Josef Mengele, ending a
40-year search for the so-called "angel of death" of the Auschwitz concentration
camp.
1986: President Reagan gives speech defending his judicial appointments.
1989: The Supreme Court ruled that burning the American flag as a form of political
protest is protected by the First Amendment.
1990: Some 50,000 Iranians were killed in a major earthquake.
1991: Secretary of State James Baker visited Yugoslavia, where he pleaded for a peaceful solution to multi-ethnic conflicts that were threatening to erupt into civil war.
1993: Two piano concert goes by the British composer Ronald Stevenson have been recorded
by Murray McLachlan on the Olympia label. The concert goes are called "The
Continents" and "Faust Triptych." The Cheetham School of Music Orchestra is
conducted by Julian Clayton.
1994: President Clinton, addressing members of the Business Roundtable, made an
impassioned call for action on health-care reform, saying: "I refuse to declare
defeat."
1994: American teen-ager Michael Fay was released from a Singapore prison, where he'd been
flogged for vandalism.
1995: Dr. Henry Foster lost a crucial Senate vote in his bid to become surgeon general as
only 57 senators voted to cut off debate, three short of the 60 needed. (One last vote the
next day also fell short.)
1996: European leaders agreed to gradually lift a global ban on British beef exports
imposed three months earlier following a scare over the "mad cow" disease.
1996: Pentagon officials said American troops destroyed an Iraqi ammunition depot in March
1991 that may have contained chemical weapons.
1998: In Colombia, former Bogota mayor Andres Pastrana was elected the country's
president, defeating Horacio Serpa, a key player in the scandal-tainted administration of
President Ernesto Samper.
1998: In World Cup soccer, Iran defeated the United States, 2-to-1.
1999: President Clinton visited Slovenia, formerly part of Yugoslavia,
where he publicly urged Serbs to reject Yugoslav leader Slobodan Milosevic. NATO and the
Kosovo Liberation Army, meanwhile, signed an accord providing for the demilitarization of
the KLA.
2000: North Korea promised to refrain from long-range missile tests after the United States lifted some economic sanctions against it.
2000: Some 55 years after World War Two ended, 22 Asian-American veterans received the Medal of Honor for bravery on the battlefield during a White House ceremony.
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