Brazil is a country of great dimensions althought its traffic on rails is concentrated on a few railroads recently constructed, such as the Carajás Railroad and the Steel-hauling Railroad, or a couple of other modernized railroads, such as Estrada de Ferro Vitória-Minas and a few branches of FEPASA and Ex-RFFSA with emphasis on export corridors and fuels.

In the urban transport segment, only two of Brazil's main cities have subway transport systems and even so, with only a few lines in operation. Surface metropolitan transports currently operated by commuters in Rio, São Paulo, Recife, Belo Horizonte and Porto Alegre, are not sufficient to cope with current passenger denmand.
Check here which are the Brazilian cities that contains a rail modal transportation system.

A comparison of railroads extension and production among countries of large surface areas.

Country	Surface (km2. mil.)	Population	Extension Km. (thous.)	Production TKU (bil.)
Russia	17.0	148.0	86	1966
Canada	9.9	25.1	79	206
China	9.6	1008.0	54	876
USA	9.4	236.7	233 (1)	1403
Brazil	8.5	129.8	30	92
Australia	7.7	15	40	n.a.
India	3.3	746.7	61	206
Argentina	2.8	30.1	34	11