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IN OUR NEVER ENDING EFFORT TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF YOUR EDUCATION, YOUR ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCE TEACHERS HAVE PREPARED THE FOLLOWING NOTE TAKING GUIDE.

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1. GLACIERS are:

2. Why study glaciers?

3. Knowledge of erosion by glaciers is based on observations and measurements of EXISTING glaciers, such as the glaciers of:

4. Changes made to the Earth's surface by glaciers can be found in areas of the world without glaciers, indicating:

5. Where can we find this evidence of past glaciation?

Glaciers FORM where snow does not melt away completely in the summer, allowing the snow to accumulate until the weight of the snow causes ice to form.

6. Diagram the formation of glacial ice:

When glacial ice BUILDS UP thick enough, it will move downhill and outward from the center.

7. Diagram this movement:

8. How does glacier ice MOVE?

Glacier ice continues to move in the same direction, but the FRONT of the glacier can advance or retreat.

9. Diagram this movement:

10. How is glacier movement like an escalator?

Glaciers over 2 kilometers thick covered NEW ENGLAND several times over the past million years, with the last glacial retreat occuring about 10,000 years ago.

11. How do we know that the ice was that thick?

The movement and the melting of glacial ice caused a wide variety of CHANGES to the Earth's surface.

Removal of rock and soil by glaciers SMOOTHS the surface of the Earth, and leaves evidence in the form of lakes, bogs, grooves, and scratches in bedrock.

12. How does a glacier remove material?

13. List three analogies for the action of glaciers in removing material.

Deposition by glaciers as the ice melts forms TERMINAL MORAINES of unstratified drift such as Long Island that can dam meltwater from the glacier to form large lakes such as ancient Long Island Sound, Connecticut's central valley lake, and the Great Lakes.

14. Diagram this:

The OUTWASH from glacial melting forms stratified glacial till deposits in valley bottoms that are now valuable deposits of gravel, sand, and supply large amounts of groundwater for wells.

15. Diagram this:

The melting of stagnant glacial ice forms kettle holes and bogs and the unstratified ground morraine that is the PARENT MATERIAL for most of our local soils.

16. You guessed it, diagram this: