Early Political Systems/ Thoughts

I.  Earliest Political Structures
    A. Family
        1. Athenians & Romans- pater familias
        2. Federations formed by extended families
    B. Greeks & Romans: similar systems.
        1. No formal laws
        2. No extreme poverty, wealth, crime
        3. Most were small (Gr:  Polis;  Roman: Civitas)

II. Underlying Themes of All Political Systems
    A. Virtue/ Morality
        1. Law of Nature
        2. Courage, wisdom, moeration
    B. Justice
        1. Plato: “quality of a person’s soul which leads him to do what should
            be done; all people doing what they’re best suited to do.”
        2. Adherance to Natural Law

III. Thoughts on Political Systems
    A. Socrates (400’s BC)
        1. Governments that “stink”
        2. Best form of government:
    B. Plato (400-300’s BC)
        1. Ideal state: meritocracy
        2. Degeneration of governments
    C. Aristotle (300’s BC)
        1. Best form of government: polity
        2. View of democracy
    D. Cicero (early BC’s): Nat. Law and Human Law
    E. Niccolo Machiavelli (15th&16th Centuries):
        1. “Machiavellian”:
        2. The Prince:
        3. The Discources:
        4. Religion
        5. Economics
    F. Thomas Hobbes (16th&17th Centuries):
        1. Survival and power
        2. Formation of Government: 2 ways
        3. Power of the Sovereign