CITY OF OTTAWA

The town of Bytown - so named after its founder LtCol. John By (1779 - 1836) - was
founded in 1826 as an administrative site for the construction of the Rideau Canal
linking the major towns of Kingston and Montréal.
The town became a city and was renamed Ottawa in 1855, becoming successively the
capital of the Province of Canada (1857) and of the Dominion (1867).

Mayors - Maires

Mayors of Bytown

1847          John Scott 
1848          John Bower Lewis                               1817 - 1874        
1849          Robert Hervey
1850          John Scott (2x)
1851          Charles Sparrow
1852          R. W. Scott
1853          Joseph Balsora Turgeon (first 
              Francophone mayor of the town)                 1815 - 1879     
1854          Henry James Friel                              1823 - 1869

Mayors of Ottawa

1855 - 1857   John Bower Lewis (2x)
1858 - 1859   Edward McGillivray                             1815 - 1885
1860 - 1862   Alexander Workman                              1798 - 1891
1863          Henry James Friel (2x)
1864 - 1866   Moss Kent Dickinson                            1822 - 1897
1867          Laurence Lyon                                  1829 - 1888
1868 - 1869   Henry James Friel (3x)
1870 - 1871   John Rochester                                 1822 - 1894
1872 - 1873   Eugène Martineau
1874 - 1875   John Peter Featherston                         1830 - 1917
1876          G. B. L. Fellows
1877          W. H. Waller
1878          Chauncey Ward Bangs                            1814 - 1892
1879 - 1881   Charles Herbert Mackintosh                     1843 - 1931
1882 - 1883   Pierre St. Jean
1884          Charles Thornton Bate     
1885 - 1886   Francis "Frank" McDougal                       1826 - 1910
1887 - 1888   McLeod Stewart                                 1847 - 1926
1889 - 1890   Jacob Erratt
1891          Thomas Birkett                                 1844 - 1920
1892 - 1893   Olivier Durocher                               1844 -
1894          George Cox                                     1834 - 1909
1895 - 1896   William Borthwick                              1848 - 1928        
1897 - 1898   Samuel Bingham
1899 - 1900   Thomas Payment
1901          William Dowler Morris
1901          James Davidson                                 1857 - 1913
1902 - 1903   Fred Cook                                      1858 - 1943        
1904 - 1906   James Albert Ellis                             1864 - 1934 
1906          Robert A. Hastey                               1847 - 1930
1907 - 1908   D'Arcy Scott
1908          Napoleon Champagne 
1909 - 1912   Charles Hopewell                               1864 - 1931
1912          Edward H. Hinchey
1913          James Albert Ellis (2x)
1914          Taylor McVeity                                 1860 - 1951
1915 - 1916   Nelson D. Porter
1917 - 1920   Harold Fisher                                  1877 - 1938
1921 - 1923   Frank Henry Plant                              1884 - 1952
1924          Napoleon Champagne (2x)
1924          Henry Watters                                  1853 - 1924
1925 - 1927   John P. Balharrie
1928 - 1929   Arthur Ellis
1930          Frank Henry Plant (2x)
1931 - 1933   John Roberts Allen                             1872 - 1935       
1934 - 1935   Patrick Nolan
1936 - 1948   John Edward Stanley Lewis                      1888 - 1970


CANADIAN PROVINCES AND TERRITORIES

PROVINCES
TERRITORIES
 
PROVINCES
Canadian Provinces in the period 1871 - 1945 included :

* = Original member provinces

Alberta                since 1905
British Columbia       since 1871
Manitoba               since 1870
New Brunswick*         since 1867
Nova Scotia*           since 1867
Ontario*               since 1867
Prince Edward Island   since 1873
Quebec*                since 1867               
Saskatchewan           since 1905

MINISTERS IN CHARGE OF THE PROVINCES

Secretaries of State for the Provinces - Secrétaires d'État des provinces

(also in charge of Territories and Indian Affairs - s.b.)

1869 - 1873   Joseph Howe                                    1804 - 1873   
1873          James Cox Aikin*                               1823 - 1904
1873          Thomas Nicholson Gibbs                         1821 - 1883

1873 : Office abolished. 
       Many of its tasks taken over by the Minister of the Interior.   
__________________________________________________________________________________

TERRITORIES
Canadian Territories in the period 1869 - 1945 included :

North-West Territories   from  1870 to 1906
Northwest Territories    since 1906
Yukon                    since 1898

MINISTERS IN CHARGE OF THE TERRITORIES

1869 - 1873   The Secretaries of State for the Provinces     s.a.   
1869 - 1936   The Ministers of the Interior
              
              Deputy Ministers for Northern Affairs - Ministres adjoints pour les
              Affaires du Nord

              1873 - 1878   Edmund Allen Meredith            1817 - 1898
              1878          William Buckingham               1832 - 1915
              1878 - 1881   John Stoughton Dennis            1820 - 1885   
              1882 - 1883   Lindsay Russell
              1883 - 1897   Alexander "Alex" Mackinnon
                            Burgess                          1850 - 1898
              1897 - 1904   James Allan Smart                1858 -
              1905 - 1931   William Wallace Cory             1865 -    
              1931 - 1934   Hugh Howard Rowatt               1891 - 1938
              1934 - 1935   none
              1935 - 1936   James Morey Wardle               1888 - 

              Directors of the Northwest Territories and Yukon Branch - Directeurs
              de la Division des Térritoires du Nord-Ouest et du Yukon (etablished
              in 1921) 

              1922 - 1931   Oscar S. Finnie
              1931 - 1936   ...

1936 - 1945   Thomas Alexander Crerar, Minister of Mines
              and Resources (Mines et Resources)             1876 - 1975

              Deputy Minister in charge of Northern and Indian Affairs - Ministre
              adjoint en charge des Affaires du Nord et des Affaires indiennes 

              1936 - 1945   Charles Camsell                  1876 - 1958  

              Directors of the Lands, Parks and Forests Branch - Directeurs de la
              Division des Terres, des Parcs et des Forêts 

              1936          J. Lorne Turner 
              1937 - 194.   Roy A. Gibson 

                            (Heads of the Bureau of Northwest Territories and Yukon
                            Affairs) 

                            1936 - 1945   ...  


CANADIAN FIRST NATIONS 

CHIEF ADMINISTRATORS
A Federal Superintendency General for Indian Affairs was established in 1867.
In 1936 it was replaced by a Direction for Indian Affairs at the Ministry of Mines
and Ressources.
The superintendency was only in charge of the Indians until 1933, when the Inuit
also transferred to its jurisdiction.

Superintendents General of Indian Affairs - Surintendants généraux aux Affaires
indiennes

1869 - 1873   The Secretaries of State for the Provinces     s.a.
1873 - 1883   The Ministers of the Interior (1)
1883 - 1887   Sir John Alexander Macdonald, President of
              the Privy Council                              1815 - 1891   
1887 - 1930   The Ministers of the Interior (2x)
1930          Ian Alistair Mackenzie, Minister of 
              Immigration and Colonization                   1890 - 1949
1930 - 1936   The Ministers of the Interior (3x)

              Assistant Superintendents General of Indian Affairs - Surintendants
              généraux adjoints aux Affaires indiennes

              1862 - 1874   William Spragge (until 1867
                            in the colony of Canada)         1... - 1874
              1874 - 1893   Lawrence Vankoughnet
              1893 - 1897   Hayter Reed                      1849 -
              1897 - 1902   James Allan Smart                s.a. 
              1902 - 1913   Francis (Frank) Pedley           1858 -
              1913 - 1932   Duncan Campbell Scott            1862 - 1947
              1932          A. S. Williams* 
              1932 - 1936   Harold Wigmore McGill            1879 - 1961   

In 1936 responsability for Indian and Northern Affairs was transferred to the new
ministry of Mines and Resources.

Minister of Mines and Resources - Ministre des Mines et Ressources

1936 - 1945   Thomas Alexander Crerar                        1876 - 1975

              Deputy Minister in charge of Northern and Indian Affairs - Ministre
              adjoint en charge des Affaires du Nord et des Affaires indiennes 

              1936 - 1945   Charles Camsell                  1876 - 1958  

              Directors of the Indian Affairs Branch - Directeurs de la Division des
              Affaires indiennes

              1936 - 1945   Harold Wigmore McGill            s.a.
              1945 - 1948   Robert Alexander Hoey            1883 - 

(1) In 1880 a separate Ministry of Indian Affairs was established. Except for the
    period 1883 - 1887 and briefly in 1930, the post of Minister/Superintendent
    was however always held by the Minister of the Interior.


ANGLICAN CHURCH IN CANADA
 
Although there already was some Anglican presence in what was to become Canada in
the 16th century (1), the community only became really important after the British
conquest of French Canada in 1763 and the arrival of Loyalists from the revolted
American colonies. 
As a consequence of this growing importance, the community was detached from the 
jurisdiction of the Bishops of London in 1787 and organized into a separate Diocese
of Nova Scotia, which was directly subordinated to the Archbishops of Canterbury.

In the course of the following years new dioceses were carved out of this initial
diocese and by 1857 7 separate dioceses - formally subordinated to the Archbishops
of Canterbury - were in existence : Fredericton (1845), Montréal (1850),Nova Scotia
(1787), Quebec (1793), Rupert's Land (1849), Toronto (1839) and Huron (1857).
Later more new dioceses would be created out of these 7 ones.

(1) A first Anglican mass was said in 1578 and regular services were held since
    1710. 

Metropolitans of the Canadian Provinces

From 1860 onwards the Canadian dioceses were regrouped into church provinces.
These were headed by Metropolitans, elected from among the Bishops of the provincial
dioceses. Their style was "Presiding Bishop of the Province of ... " until 1893
and thereafter "Archbishop of (their diocese)" for the duration of their period of
office as Metropolitan.

Primates of all Canada

Since 1893 the Canadian provinces were under the overall leadership of a "Primate
of all Canada", elected from among the Canadian Bishops (usually - but not always
- one of the Metropolitans).

1893 - 1904   Robert Machray, Archbishop of Rupert's Land,
              Metropolitan of Rupert's Land                  1893 - 1904        
1904 - 1906   William Bennett Bond, Archbishop of Montréal,
              Metropolitan of Canada                         1815 - 1906
1907 - 1909   Arthur Sweatman, Archbishop of Toronto,
              Metropolitan of Canada                         1834 - 1909
1909 - 1931   Samuel Pritchard Matheson, Archbishop of
              Rupert's Land, Metropolitan of Rupert's
              Land                                           1852 - 1942
1931 - 1934   Clarendon Lamb Worrell, Archbishop of Nova
              Scotia, Metropolitan of Canada                 1853 - 1934
1934 - 1947   Derwyn Trevor Owen, Archbishop of Toronto
              (the first Primate which wasn't Metropolitan
              of a Province) 

See also ROMAN CATHOLIC HIERARCHY IN CANADA 1848 - 1945 for more on church history.
__________________________________________________________________________________

PROVINCE OF CANADA
In 1860 the 7 dioceses listed above were united into the autonomous Church Province
of Canada.
Later new dioceses were added, but later some of them were detached from Canada to
form new provinces :

- Rupert's Land (s.b.)
- Ontario (s.b.)

and by 1945 the Church Province of Canada covered only the political provinces of
New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Quebec.

Bishops of the dioceses existing before the formation of the Province in 1860

Bishop of Fredericton

1845 - 1892   John Medley                                    1804 - 1892

Bishop of Huron

1857 - 1871   Benjamin Cronyn                                1802 - 1871

Bishop of Montréal

1850 - 1868   Francis Fulford, first Metropolitan since 
              1860                                           1803 - 1868

Bishops of Nova Scotia

1825 - 1850   John Inglis                                    1777 - 1850 
1851 - 1887   Hibbert Binney                                 1818 - 1887 

Bishop of Quebec

1837 – 1863   George Jehoshaphat Mountain                    1789 - 1863

Bishop of Rupert's Land

1849 - 1864   David Anderson                                 1814 - 1885

Bishop of Toronto

1839 - 1867   John Strachan                                  1778 - 1867

Metropolitans of the Province of Canada

1860 - 1868   Francis Fulford, Bishop of Montréal            s.a.        
1869 - 1878   Ashton Oxenden, Bishop of Montréal             1808 - 1892
1879 - 1892   John Medley, Bishop of Fredericton             1804 - 1892
1893 - 1900   John Travers Lewis, Archbishop of Ontario      1825 - 1901
1901 - 1906   William Bennett Bond, Archbishop of
              Montréal and since 1904 also Primate of 
              all Canada                                     s.a.
1907 - 1909   Arthur Sweatman, Archbishop of Toronto 
              and Primate of all Canada                      s.a. 
1909 - 191.   Charles Hamilton, Arcbbishop of Ottawa
1915 - 1934   Clarendon Lamb Worrell, Archbishop of Nova
              Scotia, Primate of all Canada since 1931       s.a. 
1935 - 1938   John Andrew Richardson, Archbishop of 
              Fredericton                                    1868 - 1938
1938 - 1943   John Hackenley, Archbishop of Nova Scotia      1877 - 1943
1944 - 1960   Philip Carrington, Archbishop of Quebec        1892 -
__________________________________________________________________________________
 
PROVINCE OF RUPERT'S LAND
The Province of Rupert's Land was formed in 1875 when the dioceses of Athabasca,
Moosoonee, Rupert's Land and Saskatoon were detached from the Province of Canada.
Later new dioceses - Arctica, Brandon, Yukon, ... - were created and by 1945 the
province covered Manitoba, the Northwest Territories and Yukon.

Metropolitans of the Province of Rupert's Land

1875 - 1904   Robert Machray, Bishop of Rupert's Land,
              since 1893 Archbishop of Rupert's Land and
              Primate of all Canada                          s.a. 
1905 - 1931   Samuel Pritchard Matheson, Archbishop of
              Rupert's Land, also PrimThornte of all Canada 
              since 1909                                     s.a.
1931 - 1934   Isaac O. Stringer, Archbishop of Yukon         1866 - 1934        
1934 - 19..   Malcolm Taylor MacAdam Harding, Archbishop
              of Rupert's Land                               1863 - 
__________________________________________________________________________________

PROVINCE OF ONTARIO
In 1912 the dioceses of Algoma, Huron, Niagara, Ontario, Ottawa and Toronto (s.a.)
were detached from the Province of Canada and regrouped into the new Church Province
of Ontario, which covered the political province of that name.
In 1935 Moosoonee was also transferred from Rupert's Land to Ontario.

Metropolitans of the Province of Ontario

1912 - 1914   Charles Hamilton, Archbishop of Ottawa         s.a.
1915 - 1926   George Thorneloe, Archbishop of Algoma         1848 -
1926 - 1931   David Williams, Archbishop of Huron            1859 -
1931 - 1933   ... 
1933 - 1939   John Charles Roper, Archbishop of Ottawa       1858 -
1940 - 1943   John George Anderson, Archbishop of Moosoonee  1866 - 
1944 - 1948   Charles Allen Seager, Archbishop of Huron      1872 - 1948        
__________________________________________________________________________________

PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
Unlike the other listed dioceses, those on the Canadian West Coast were not created
out of the initial Eastern diocese of Nova Scotia, but were the result of growing
Anglican mission activities sponsored by the Hudson's Bay Company since the 1830's.
The first diocese to be erected in 1859 was the Diocese of British Columbia, which
at first covered all British possessions in the area, both the islands (Vancouver,
etc) and the mainland.
In 1879 the mainland was detached and divided into the dioceses of :

- Caledonia, covering the northern part of the mainland,
- New Westminster, covering the southern part of the mainland.

Later two new dioceses were detached from the second see :

- Kootenay (in 1899)       
- Cariboo  (in 1914)

The 4 dioceses were - formally at least - subject to the Archbishops of Canterbury
until 1914, when they were united to form the church province of British Columbia,
subject to the Primates of all Canada. 

Bishops of the dioceses existing before the formation of the province in 1914

Bishops of British Columbia

1859 - 1892   George Hills                                   1816 - 1895 
1893 - 1911   William Wilcox Perrin                          1848 - 1934
1912 - 1915   John Charles Roper                             1858 - 1940

Bishops of Caledonia

1879 - 190.   William Ridley                                 1836 - 1911
1904 - 1924   Frederick Herbert DuVernet, Archbishop and
              Metropolitan of British Columbia since 1915    1860 - 1924  

Bishops of New Westminster

1879 - 1894   Acton Windeyer Sillitoe                        1840 - 1894
1895 - 1910   John Dart
1910 - 1940   Adam Unas de Pencier, since 1925 Archbishop
              and Metropolitan of British Columbia           1866 - 1949

Bishops of Kootenay

1899 - 1914   The Bishops of New Westminster                 s.a.       
 
Bishops of Cariboo

1914 - 1925   The Bishops of New Westminster                 s.a.  

Metropolitans of the Province of British Columbia 

1915 - 1924   Frederick Herbert DuVernet, Archbishop of
              Caledonia                                      s.a.    
1925 - 1940   Adam Unas de Pencier, Archbishop of New
              Westminster                                    s.a.   
1940 - 1942   vacant
1942 - 1951   Walter Robert Adams, Archbishop of Kootenay
              (until 1947)                                   1877 - 1957