POLAND
As the Roman Curia did not take account of the political and territorial changes of 1939 - 1945, East Galicia (with Lwow) and the Wilno Area were still considered as being part of the Polish hierarchy in 1945.
LATIN RITE
(See also the hierarchies of the Armenian and of the Ruthenian-Ukrainian rites) Although there were already some Christians - Catholics as well as Orthodox - in what was to become Poland before, it was only after the conversion of Duke Mieszko I (ca 935 - 992) in 966 that Catholicism was really introduced and that a separate Polish hierarchy was created. After the partitions of Poland it was divided between the Habsburg, Prussian and Russian provinces, but at the restoration of the Polish state it was also restored (1925). By 1945 it included : - the archdioceses of Gniezno and Poznan, Krakow, Lwow, Warszawa and Wilno, - the bishopric for the Polish Armed forces. __________________________________________________________________________________GNIEZNO AND POZNAN
The first Polish see was Poznan (Germ.: Posen), erected in 968 after the conversion of Duke Mieszko. In 1000 several other dioceses were created out of this initial see. One of them, Gniezno (Germ.: Gnesen) even replaced Poznan as leading see and became the first Archdiocese of the Kingdom. After the partitions of Poland both Gniezno and Poznan became part of the Prussian hierarchy. In 1821 Poznan also became an archdiocese and was united in a personal union with Gniezno, each of the archdioceses keeping its own organization. In 1918 all of Gniezno and most of Poznan were transferred to the restored Polish state. Archbishops of Gniezno and of Poznan (the Archbishops of Gniezno were Primates of Poland since 1918) 1844 - 1865 Leon Michal von Przyluski 1789 - 1865 1865 - 1866 vacant Administrator 1865 - 1866 Jan Piotr Zienkiewicz 1866 - 1886 Mieczyslaw Graf Ledochowski von Halka, deposed and jailed 1874 - 1876, then in exile, Cardinal Priest with the title of Santa Maria in Aracoeli (1876) 1822 - 1902 1886 - 1890 Julius Josef Dinder 1830 - 1890 1890 - 1891 vacant Administrator 1890 - 1891 Edward Likowski, Titular Bishop of Aureliopolis in Asia I (1887) 1836 - 1915 1891 - 1906 Florian Oksza von Stablewski 1841 - 1906 1906 - 1914 vacant Administrator 1906 - 1914 Edward Likowski, Titular Bishop of Aureliopolis in Asia I (2x) 1914 - 1915 Edward Likowski s.a. 1915 vacant Administrator 1915 Pawel Jedziak 1851 - 1918 1915 - 1926 Edmund Dalbor, Cardinal Priest with the title of San Giovanni a Porta Latina (1919) 1869 - 1926 1926 - 1946 August Jozef Hlond, Cardinal Priest with the title of Santa Maria della Pace (1927), in exile 1940 - 1945 (jailed 1944 - 1945) 1881 - 1948 Vicars General for Gniezno 1841 - 1855 Jan Piotr Ziemkiewicz 1855 - 1865 Franciszek Ksawery Sucharski 1865 - 1873 Maciej Dorszewski 1826 - 1875 1873 - 1886 vacant 1886 - 1888 Jan Ignacy Korykowski 1824 - 1888 1888 - 1892 Jan Nepomucen Lukowski 1846 - 1904 1892 - 1900 Josef Simon 1827 - 1902 1900 - 1904 Aleksander Dziedzinski 1839 - 1904 1904 - 1912 Ignacy Goczkowski 1842 - 1912 1912 - 1914 Roman Goebel 1847 - 1914 1914 - 1915 Teodor Taczak 1878 - 1941 1915 - 1920 Wilhelm Atanazy Kloske, Titular Bishop of Theodosiopolis in Arcadia 1852 - 1925 Vicars General for Poznan 1846 - 1855 Jan Nepomucen Jabczynski 1855 - 1860 Wincenty Kilinski 1860 - 1874 Jan Chryzostom Janiszewski 1818 - 1891 1874 - 1886 vacant 1886 - 1906 Edward Likowski, Titular Bishop of Aureliopolis in Asia I s.a. 1906 - 1909 Julian Echaust 1839 - 1909 1909 - 1915 Edmund Dalbor s.a. 1915 - 1920 Robert Adalbert Weimann 1870 - 1925 Vicar General for the Polish Population (Sep -Oct 1939) 1939 Walenty Dymek 1888 - 1956 Vicars General for the German Population 1939 - 1941 Eduard van Blericq (in Gniezno) 1941 - 1942 Joseph Paech (in Posen) 1880 - 1942 1942 - 1945 Hilarius Breitinger (in Posen) SUFFRAGANS Of Gniezno also : Plock (10.. - 1818, s.b.) Wroclaw (Germ.: Breslau 1000 - 1821) (see Germany, to be added) CHELMNO The Diocese of Chelmno (since 1992 : Pelplin, Germ.: Kulm) was erected in 1243. It was an exempt diocese until 1255 when it became a suffragan of Riga. In 1466 it was transferred to the jurisdiction of Gniezno. After WWI most of the diocese became part of restored Poland. Kulm also included Danzig from 1821 to 1922. Bishops 1833 - 1856 Anastasius Sedlag 1787 - 1856 1856 - 1857 vacant Administrator 1856 - 1857 Georg Jeschke 1808 - 1881 1857 - 1886 Johannes Nepomuk von der Marwitz 1795 - 1886 1886 - 1898 Leo Redner 1828 - 1898 1898 - 1899 vacant Administrator 1898 - 1899 Clement Maria Lüdtke 1899 - 1926 Augustinus Rosentreter 1844 - 1926 1926 - 1944 Stanislaw Wojciech Okoniewski, in exile since 1939 1870 - 1944 1944 - 1946 vacant Administrators during the German occupation of Poland 1939 Konstanty Dominik 1870 - 1942 1940 - 1945 Carl Maria Splett, Bishop of Danzig 1898 - 1964 WLOCLAWEK The Diocese of Wloclawek was erected in the 12th century as a suffragan of Gniezno. As part of the Polish areas assigned to Russia, it came under the jurisdiction of Warszawa in 1818. After the restoration of Polish independence the see was however again made a suffragan of Gniezno (1925). Bishops 1836 - 1850 Walenty Boncza Tomaszewski 1781 - 1850 1850 - 1856 vacant (1) Administrator 1850 - 185. Tadeusz Lubienski 1856 - 1867 Jan Michal Marszewski 1800 - 1867 1867 - 1876 vacant Administrators 1867 - 18.. Florian Kosinski 18.. - 18.. Klemens Skupienski 18.. - 1875 Florian Kosiński (2x) 1876 - 1883 Wincenty Teofil Chosciak-Popiel 1825 - 1912 1883 - 1901 Aleksander Kazimierz Beresniewicz 1823 - 1902 1901 - 1902 vacant Administrator 1902 Henryk Piotr Kossowski, Vicar Capitular 1828 - 1903 1902 - 1927 Stanislaw Kazimierz Zdzitowiecki 1854 - 1927 1927 - 1928 Wladyslaw Pawel Krynicki 1861 - 1928 1928 - 1929 vacant Administrator 1928 - 1929 Wojciech Stanislaw Owczarek, Vicar Capitular 1875 - 1938 1829 - 1951 Karol Mieczyslaw Radonski, in exile 1939 - 1945 1883 - 1951 Administrators 1939 Michal Kozal, Vicar General 1893 - 1943 1939 - 1941 -Stefan Kakiński, Vicar General for the northern part -Stefan Martuzalski, Vicar General for the southern part (1) Mikolaj Blocki (1785 - 1851), Apostolic Administrator of Augustow (s.b.) was appointed Bishop in 1851, but he died before he could be ordained. __________________________________________________________________________________KRAKOW
The Diocese of Krakow was erected in 1000 out of parts of Poznan. During the period 1815 - 1846 its jurisdiction extended over the area of the Free City of the same name. Thereafter it was included in Habsburg Galicia-Lodomerie and detached from the Archdiocese of Warszawa to become an exempt diocese (1880). After the restoration of the Polish state in 1918 it was upgraded to the rank of an archdiocese in 1925. Bishops 1830 - 1851 Karol Wincenty Skorkowski 1768 - 1851 1851 - 1879 vacant Administrators 1851 - 1862 Mateusz Gladyszewicz, Vicar General 1798 - 1862 1862 Karol Teliga, Administrator (not recognized by Austrian authorities) 1862 - 1879 Antoni Junosza-Galecki, Vicar General 1811 - 1885 1879 - 1894 Albin Dunajewski, Cardinal Priest with the title of Santi Vitale, Gervasio e Protasio (1890) 1817 - 1894 1894 vacant Administrator 1894 Hilary Feliks Gawronski Vicar General 1835 - 1919 1895 - 1911 Jan Maurycy Pawel Ksiaze Puzyna de Kozielsko, Cardinal Priest with the title of Santi Vitale, Gervasio e Protasio (1901) 1842 - 1911 1911 - 1912 vacant Administrator 1911 - 1912 Anatol Nowak, Vicar General 1862 - 1933 1912 - 1925 Adam Stefan Stanislaw Bonifacy Jozef Ksiase Sapieha 1867 - 1951 Archbishop 1925 - 1951 Adam Stefan Stanislaw Bonifacy Jozef Ksiase Sapieha, Cardinal Priest with the title of Santa Maria Nuova (1946) s.a. SUFFRAGANS CHESTOCHOWA The Diocese of Chestochowa was erected in 1925 out of the dioceses of Kielce and Wloclawek. Bishop 1925 - 1951 Teodor Kubina 1880 - 1951 KATOWICE In 1922 the upper part of the Prussian province of Silesia that had been assigned to Poland was detached from the jurisdiction of the German Archdiocese of Breslau (Pol.: Wroclaw) and organized as a separate Apostolic Administration, which became the Diocese of Katowice in 1925. Vicar General 1921 - 1922 Jan Kapica 1866 - 1930 Apostolic Administrator of Polish Upper Silesia 1922 - 1925 August Jozef Hlond s.a. Bishops 1925 - 1926 August Jozef Hlond s.a. 1926 - 1930 Arkadiusz Marian Lisiecki 1880 - 1930 1930 - 1967 Stanislaw Adamski, in exile during the German occupation 1940 - 1945 1875 - 1967 Administrators 1940 - 1942 Franz Strzyz, Vicar General 1942 - 1943 Franz Wosnitza, Vicar General 1943 - 1945 Adolf Bertram, Archbishop of Breslau, Cardinal Priest with the title of Santa Agnese fuori le mura 1859 - 1945 KIELCE The Diocese of Kielce was erected in 1805 out of the diocese of Krakow (s.a.). Under Russian pressure it was however abolished in 1818 (s.b. Sandomierz), only to be restored as a suffragan of Warszawa in 1882. It was transferred to the jurisdiction of Krakow in 1925. Bishops 1883 - 1907 Tomasz Teofil Kulinski 1823 - 1907 1907 - 1910 vacant Apostolic Administrators 1907 - 1909 Franciszek Brudzynski 1909 - 1910 Aleksander Kluczynski 1847 - 1917 1910 - 1937 Augustyn Losinski 1867 - 1937 1937 - 1938 vacant Apostolic Administrator 1937 - 1938 Franciszek Sonik, Titular Bishop of Margum in Moesia Superior 1885 - 1957 1938 - 1963 Czeslaw Kaczmarek 1895 - 1963 TARNOW The diocese of Tarnow was erected in 1785 out of parts of Krakow. The diocese was within the Habsburg domains unntil 1918 when it became part of the new Polish state. It was transferred from Lwow (of the Latins) to Krakow in 1925. Bishops 1840 - 1850 Jozef Grzegorz Wojtarowicz, resigned 1791 - 1875 1850 - 1852 vacant Administrator 1850 - 1852 Franciszek Wojciech Szlosarczyk, Vicar General 1852 - 1885 Jozef Alojzy Pukalski 1798 - 1885 1885 vacant Administrators 1885 Wawrzyniec Gwiazdon, Vicar General 1885 Stanislaw Walczynski, Vicar General 1886 - 1900 Ignacy Jozef Lobos 1827 - 1900 1900 - 1901 vacant Administrator 1900 - 1901 Stanislaw Walczynski (2x) 1901 - 1932 Leon Walega, resigned (1932 - 1933 : Titular Bishop of Tlos in Lycia and Apostolic Administrator of Tarnow, in 1933 Titular Archbishop of Oxyrinchus in Arcadia and Apostolic Administrator of Tarnow) 1859 - 1933 1933 - 1939 Franciszek Lisowski 1876 - 1939 - 1945 vacant Apostolic Administrators 1940 - 1943 Edward Komar, Titular Bishop of Alinda in Caria 1872 - 1944 - 1945 Stanislaw Bulanda __________________________________________________________________________________LWOW
A Latin archdiocese covering the eastern areas of Poland was established at Halicz ca 1361. In 1414 the see was transferred to Lwow, the major centre of the region. Lwow was the major Catholic centre of Habsburg Galicia-Lodomeria. Archbishops 1847 - 1848 Vilem Vaclav Vaclavicek 1787 - 1862 1848 - 1849 vacant Administrator 1848 - 1849 Kajetan Migrodzki 1849 - 1858 Lukasz Baraniecki 1798 - 1858 1858 - 1860 vacant Administrator 1858 - 1860 Andrzej Ostrawski 1795 - 1871 1860 - 1884 Franciszek Ksawery Wierzchleyski 1803 - 1884 1885 - 1900 Seweryn Morawski 1819 - 1900 1900 - 1923 Jozef Bilczewski 1860 - 1923 1923 - 1944 Boleslaw Twardowski 1864 - 1944 1944 - 1962 Eugeniusz Baziak, expelled from Lwow and since 1945 only for the part of the province that remained Polish 1890 - 1962 SUFFRAGANS Also : Lublin (s.a.) 1805 - 1818, Tarnow (s.a.) until 1925 and Tyniec (1821 - 1826) LUCK In 1925 the Diocese of Luck (Ukr.: Lutsk) was transferred from the Russian province of Mohilev to the Polish hierarchy. Bishops 1848 - 1925 See here 1925 - 1950 Adolf Piotr Szelazek 1865 - 1950 PRZEMYSL The Latin Diocese of Przemysl was erected in 1375. Bishops 1846 - 1860 Franciszek Ksawery Wierzchleyski s.a. 1860 - 1862 Adam Jasinski 1812 - 1862 1862 - 1863 vacant Administrator 1862 - 1863 Jozef Hoppe, Vicar General 1863 - 1869 Antoni Manastyrski 1803 - 1869 1869 - 1870 vacant Administrator 1869 - 1870 Jozef Hoppe (2x) 1870 - 1881 Mateusz Jozef Hirschler 1807 - 1881 1881 - 1882 vacant Administrator 1881 - 1882 Ignacy Jozef Lobos s.a. 1882 - 1900 Lukasz Solecki 1837 - 1900 1900 - 1924 Saint (2003) Jozef Sebastian Pelczar 1842 - 1924 1924 vacant Administrator 1924 Karol Jozef Fischer, Vicar General 1847 - 1931 1924 - 1933 Anatol Nowak 1861 - 1933 1933 - 1964 Franciszek Barda 1880 - 1964 __________________________________________________________________________________WARSZAWA
The Diocese of Warszawa was erected in 1798 out of parts of Poznan. After the creation of the Kingdom of Poland in 1815, Warszawa became its Archdiocese (1818). Archbishops (Primates of the Kingdom of Poland 1815 - 1918) 1838 - 1856 vacant Apostolic Administrator 1844 - 1856 Antoni Melchior Fijalkowski, Titular Bishop of Hermopolis in ... 1778 - 1861 1856 - 1861 Antoni Melchior Fijalkowski s.a. 1861 - 1862 vacant Administrator 1861 - 1862 Antoni Bialobrzeski, Vicar General 1793 - 1868 1862 - 1883 Zygmunt Szczesny Felinski, deported to Siberia 1863 - 1883, resigned 1822 - 1895 Administrators during the exile 1863 - 1865 Pawel Rzewuski, Vicar General 1804 - 1892 1865 Jozef Szczygielski, Vicar General 1865 - 1877 Stanislaw Kostka Zwolinski, Vicar General 1877 - 1883 Antoni Franciszek Ksawery Sotkiewicz 1826 - 1901 1883 - 1912 Wincenty Teofil Chosciak-Popiel s.a. 1912 - 1913 vacant Administrator 1912 - 1913 Stanislaw Kazimierz Ruskiewicz, Vicar General 1836 - 1925 1913 - 1938 Aleksander Kakowski, Cardinal Priest with the title of San Agostino (1919) 1862 - 1938 1938 - 1946 vacant 1938 - 1942 Stanislaw Gall (Gala), Vicar General, Archbishop of ... 1865 - 1942 1943 - 1946 Antoni Wladyslaw Szlagowski, Titular Bishop of Irenopolis in Cilicia 1864 - 1956 SUFFRAGANS Also : Kielce (1882 - 1925 - s.a.), Krakow (1818 - 1880 - s.a.) and Wloclawek (1818 - 1925 - s.a.) LODZ The Diocese of Lodz was erected in 1920. Bishops 1921 - 1934 Wincenty Tymieniecki 1871 - 1934 1934 - 1935 vacant Administrator 1934 - 1935 Kazimierz Tomczak, Vicar General 1883 - 1967 1934 - 1946 Wlodzimierz Bronislaw Jasinski, in exile 1941 - 1944 I873 - 1965 Vicars General for the part of the Diocese in the Government- General 1939 - 1940 Jozef Goldzik 1940 - 1941 Jan Krzyszkowski Administrators during the exile 1941 Jan Cesarz 1941 - 194. Roman Rajchert LUBLIN The Diocese of Lublin was erected in 1805 as a suffragan of Lwow. It was transferred to Warszawa in 1818. Bishops 1839 - 1852 vacant 1852 - 1863 Wincenty de Paula Pienkowski 1786 - 1863 1863 - 1871 vacant 1871 - 1879 Walenty Baranowski 1814 - 1879 1879 - 1883 vacant 1883 - 1885 Kazimierz Józef Jan Wnorowski 1818 - 1885 1885 - 1889 vacant 1889 - 1914 Franciszek Jaczewski 1832 - 1914 1914 - 1918 vacant 1918 - 1945 Marian Leon Fulman 1866 - 1945 PLOCK The Diocese of Plock was erected in the 11th century. It was a suffragan of Gnesen until 1818 when it was transferred to the Archdiocese of Warszawa. In 1821 the part of its territory in Prussia was added to Kulm (s.a.). Bishops 1836 - 1852 Franciszek de Paula Pawlowski 1774 - 1852 1852 - 1863 vacant 1863 - 1875 Wincenty Teofil Chosciak-Popiel s.a. 1875 - 1883 vacant 1883 - 1885 Kacper Borowski 1802 - 1885 1885 - 1889 vacant 1889 - 1896 Michal Nowodworski 1831 - 1896 1896 - 1901 vacant (2) 1901 - 1903 Jerzy Jozef Elizeusz Szembek, became Archbishop of Mohilev 1851 - 1905 1904 - 1908 Apolinary Wnukowski, became Archbisshop of Mohilev 1848 - 1909 1908 - 1941 Antoni Julian Nowowiejski, since 1930 with the personal title of Archbishop 1858 - 1941 1941 - 1946 vacant Apostolic Administrator 1941 - 1946 Stanislaw Figielski (2) In 1897 Franciszek Albin Symon, Titular Bishop of Zenonopolis in Isauria (1841 - 1918) was proposed as Bishop. But as he was not accepted by the Russian authorities he was never ordained. SANDOMIERZ The Diocese of Sandomierz was erected in 1818 out of the former Diocese of Kielce. Bishops 1844 - 1852 Jozef Joachim Goldtmann 1782 - 1852 1852 - 1859 vacant 1859 - 1880 Jozef Michal Juszynski 1793 - 1880 1880 - 1883 vacant 1883 - 1901 Antoni Franciszek Ksawery Sotkiewicz 1826 - 1901 1902 - 1908 Stefan Aleksander Zwierowicz 1842 - 1908 1908 - 1910 vacant 1910 - 1930 Marian Jozef Ryx 1853 - 1930 1930 - 1934 Wlodzimierz Bronislaw Jasinski s.a. 1934 - 1946 vacant Apostolic Administrator 1936 - 1946 Jan Kanty Lorek, Titular Bishop of Modra in Bithynia II 1886 - 1967 SEJNY AND AUGUSTOW A new exempt Diocese of Wigry was erected in 1798 for the parts of the Diocese of Wilno that were assigned to Prussia after the first partition of Poland. After the Napoleonic wars the diocese - now renamed Augustow - was transferred to the Kingdom of Poland and became a suffragan of Warszawa (1818). In 1823 the bishop transferred his residence to the town of Sejny and the diocese also became known by the name of Sejny and Augustow. Bishops 1847 - 1863 vacant Apostolic Administrators 1847 - 1851 Mikolaj Blocki s.a. 1851 - 1855 Bonawentura Butkiewicz 1856 - 1863 Jakub Choromanski 1863 - 1869 Konstanty Ireneusz Lubienski 1825 - 1869 1869 - 1872 vacant 1872 - 1897 Piotr Pawel Wierzbowski 1818 - 1897 1897 - 1902 Antoni Baranowski 1835 - 1902 1902 - 1910 vacant 1910 - 1925 Antoni Karas The see was suppressed in 1925 and its teritory became part of the new diocese of Lomza (s.b.). SIELDCE The Diocese of Podlachia and Janów was erected in 1818. In 1867 it was united in a personal union with the Diocese of Lublin. This union was terminated in 1918 and in 1925 the diocese was renamed Siedlce. Bishops 1826 - 1856 Jan Marcel Gutkowski, resigned 1776 - 1863 1856 - 1867 Beniamina Szymarski 1793 - 1868 Apostolic Administrators 1867 - 1918 The Bishops of Lublin s.a. Bishops 1918 - 1939 Henryk Przezdziecki 1875 - 1939 1940 - 1946 vacant Apostolic Administrator 1940 - 1946 Ceslaw Sokolowski, Titular Bishop of ... 1877 - 1951 __________________________________________________________________________________WILNO
The Lithuanian Diocese of Vilnius (Pol.: Wilno) was erected in 1388. After the annexation of the area to Russia it became a suffragan of Mohilev (17..) In 1918 it again became the see of the restored Lithuanian state. Having a mixed Lithuanian-Polish population the Wilno area became the cause of a conflict between the two nations. This ended in 1922 when the region was annexed to Poland and Wilno became the see of a new Archdiocese covering the Eastern Polish territories (1925). Bishops 1841 - 1848 vacant 1848 - 1856 Waclaw Zylinski 1803 - 1863 1856 - 1858 vacant Apostolic Administrator 1856 - 1858 Waclaw Zylinski, Archbishop of Mohilev s.a. 1858 - 1883 Adam Stanislaw Krasinski, resigned 1810 - 1891 1883 - 1889 Karol Hryniewiecki, resigned 1841 - 1929 1889 - 1895 Antoni Franciszek Audziewicz 1834 - 1896 1897 - 1902 Stepan Aleksander Zwierowicz s.a. 1903 - 1917 Eduard Baron von der Ropp, became Archbishop of Mohilev 1851 - 1939 1918 - 1925 Jurgis Matulaitis-Matulevicius, first Lithuanian Bishop since 1..., resigned when Wilno became part of the Polish hierarchy 1871 - 1927 Archbishops 1925 - 1926 Jan Feliks Cieplak 1857 - 1926 1926 - 1955 Romuald Jalbrzykowski 1876 - 1955 SUFFRAGANS LOMZA The Diocese of Lomza was ercted in 1925 out of the territory of the formar diocese of Sejny and Augustow. Bishops 1925 - 1926 Romuald Jalbrzykowski s.a. 1926 - 1948 Stanislaw Kostka Lukomski 1874 - 1948 PINSK The Diocese of Pinsk was erected in 1925 for the parts of the diocese of Minsk that had been assigned to Poland. It covered Belarussian territory annexed to Poland. Bishops 1925 - 1932 Zygmunt Lozinski 1870 - 1932 1932 vacant Administrator 1932 Witold Iwicki 1... - 1943 1932 - 1946 Kazimierz Bukraba, absent since 1939 1885 - 1946 Administrators dur the period of absence 1940 - 1943 Witold Iwicki, Vicar General (2x) 1943 - 194. A. Borowski 1944 - 1945 Edward Juniewicz __________________________________________________________________________________POLISH ARMED FORCES
A bishopric for the Polish forces was created in 1919. General Miliray Dean 1918 - 1919 Col. Piotr Niezgoda 1875 - 1955 Bishops 1919 - 1933 DivGen. Stanislaw Gall (Gala) s.a. 1933 - 1947 DivGen. Jozef Gawlina, Titular Bishop of Mariamme in Syria II 1892 - 1964
ARMENIAN RITE
LWOW (OF THE ARMENIANS)
Following the collapse of their major states and the first Turkish incursions into their homeland in the 11th century, many Armenians migrated to the Balkans and to Eastern Europe, where Lwow (Germ.: Lemberg, Ukr.: Lviv) became one of their major centres.. The Armenian community came under Polish-Lithuanian rule in the 14th century and in 1365 its Armeno-Gregorian Archbishop agreed to unite with the Roman Church. Later (in 1516) one of his successors returned to the Armeno-Gregorian Church, but in 1630 the union was definitively restored. At first the jurisdiction of the Archeparchy extended over all Armenian communities in Poland and Lithuania and in the western part of the Russian Empire. But later its authority was restricted to those in Habsburg Galicia-Lodomeria and Bukowina (1808) Metropolitans Archeparchs 1832 - 1858 Samuel Cyryl Stefanowicz 1755 – 1858 1859 - 1875 Grzegorz Michal Szymonowicz 1800 - 1875 1876 - 1881 Grzegorz Jozef Romaszkan 1809 - 1881 1882 - 1901 Izaak Mikolaj Isakowicz 1824 - 1901 1901 - 1938 Józef Teofil Teodorowicz 1864 - 1938 1938 - 2... vacant Administrator 1939 - 1945 Dionizy Kajetanowicz, Vicar General, arrested and exiled to Siberia 1878 - 1954 The united Armenian community in the region was nearly completely destroyed during WWII and the ensuing ocupation by the USSR. The survivors fled to other parts of Poland where they remained without separate hierarchy until the second part of the 20th century.
RUTHENIAN - UKRAINIAN RITE
As a result of the Polish-Lithuanian expansion to the East that started in the 13th century many Ruthenian-Ukrainian Orthodox communities came under Polish rule. In the course of the 16th century Jesuit missionaries started working among them, propagating the spiritual advantages of a reunion with Rome. After long hesitations the Ruthenians - headed by the Metropolitan of Kiev - finally broke the communion with the Patriarch of Constantinople and placed themselves under the authority of the Pope (Union Treaty of Brest-Litovsk of 1595 - 1596). (1) After the partitions of Poland the Uniate Church in those parts of the country that had been assigned to Russia, were gradually integrated into the Russian Orthodox Church and by the 1870's it survived only in the Habsburg lands, which became part of the restored Polish state in 1918. (1) In the 17th century some communities returned temporarily to the Orthodoxy and a further progression of the union idea to the East was stopped by the Cossacks of the Ukraine. See also : THE (non-Uniate) ORTHODOX CHURCH IN POLAND (to be added) __________________________________________________________________________________CHELM - BELZ*
The Orthodox eparchy of Chelm - formally Chelm and Belz - was erected in the 13th century. In 1596 its eparch agreed to unite with Rome, but the union was only effectively realized some years later. Chelm was a suffragan of Kiev (Pol.: Kijow ) until 1807 when it was transferred to the jurisdiction of Lwow. In 1830 it became an exempt eparchy directly under Rome. After the partitions of Poland, Chelm became the Uniate diocese for the Kingdom of Poland. Eparchs Formally : Eparchs of Chelm and Belz. 1830 - 1851 Filip Felicjan Szumborski 1771 - 1851 1851 - 1868 vacant (3) 1868 - 1879 Michal Kuziemski, in exile in Galicia since 1871 1808 - 1879 1879 - 1925 vacant (3) Jan Teraszkiewicz (1... - 1863), Titular Bishop of Belz (since 1842) and auxiliary of Chelm was proposed as Bishop in 1863, but he died before he could be ordained. After the Uniate communities in the Kingdom of Poland had been integrated into the Russian Orthodox Church by the Russian authorities, the eparchy de facto ceased its activities in 1875. It was only formally abolished in 1925, at the moment of the reorganization of the Polish hierarchy. __________________________________________________________________________________LEMKOWSZCZYZNA*
The Orthodox Lemko communities in Galicia united with Rome in 1596 as subjects of the Eparchy of Przemysl (s.b.). They remained under that jurisdiction until 1934 when a separate apostolic exarchate directly subordinated to the Holy See was created for them. Apostolic Exarchs 1934 - 1936 Vasyl Mastsiukh 1936 - 1941 Jakiv Medvetskyj 1942 - 1947 Aleksandr Malynovskyj, in exile after the Soviet occupation in 1945 After 1947 and the relocation of the Lemko to other parts of Poland and to Ukraine the Apostolic exarchate sutvived only on paper. __________________________________________________________________________________LWOW (OF THE RUTHENIANS - UKRAINIANS)
The Orthodox eparchy of Lwow was erected in 1540 as the successor see of the defunct see of Halicz (Ukr. : Halych) that had covered Galicia and some surrounding lands from the 12th century to 1414. In 1597 the eparch of Lwow agreed to unite with Rome, but later he returned to the Orthodox Church and it was only after long negociations that Lwow finally united with Rome in 1700. After the Polish partitions Lwow was detached from the jurisdiction of Kiev (1807) and created a separate Archeparchy - with Chelm (until 1830 - s.a.) and Przemysl as suffragans - covering Habsburg Galicia and Lodomeria and Bukovina. (L) = member of the Lemko people Metropolitans - Archeparchs Formally : Archeparchs of Lwow, Halicz and Kamenetz 1816 - 1858 Mykhajlo Levytskyj, Cardinal (1856, died before receiving a title) 1774 - 1858 1858 - 1860 vacant 1860 - 1863 Hryhorii Jakhymovych 1792 - 1863 1863 – 1869 Spyrydon Lytvynovych 1810 - 1869 1870 - 1882 Josyf Sembratovych (L), resigned 1821 - 1900 1885 - 1898 Sylvester Sembratovych (L), Cardinal Priest with the title of San Stefano al Monte Celio (1895) 1836 - 1898 1899 - 1900 Juljan Kujlovskyj-Sas 1826 - 1900 1900 - 1944 Andrii Sheptytskyj, arrested by the Russians 1914 - 1917 (See here for his politics during WWII) 1865 - 1944 1944 - 1984 Josyf Slipy, jailed 1945 - 1963, in exile in Rome 1963 - 1984 1892 - 1984 SUFFRAGANS PRZEMYSL The Orthodox eparchy of Przemysl (Ukr.: Peremyshl) was erected in the 13th century. In 1596 its bishop agreed to unite with Rome, but he later returned to the Orthodox church. As part of the community - most notably the Lemko (s.a.) - remained however loyal to Rome, there were for most of the 17th century two rival Eparchs of Przemysl. It was only in 1692 that the eparchy was re-united in union with Rome. Przesmysl covered the southwestern parts of Galicia-Lodomeria. Eparchs Formally : Eparchs of Przemysl, Sambor and Sanok 1847 - 1848 vacant Apostolic Administrator 1847 - 1848 Ivan Sileckyj 1848 - 1860 Hryhorii Jachymovych s.a. 1860 - 1867 Toma Poljanskyj (L) 1867 - 1870 vacant Apostolic Administrator 1867 - 1870 Josyp Sembratovych (L) s.a. 1871 - 1890 Ivan Stupnyckyj 1891 - 1896 Juljan Pelesh (L) 1843 - 1896 1897 - 1914 Konstantyn Chechovych 1914 - 1917 vacant 1917 - 1947 Josafat Josyf Kotsylovskyj (L) 1876 - 1947 STANISLAWOW The Eparchy of Stanislawow was erected in 1885 out of the Archeparchy of Lwow. It covered parts of Eastern Galicia and of Bukovina (until 19..) Eparchs 1885 - 1891 Juljan Pelesh (L) s.a. 1891 - 1899 Jyljan Kuilovskyj-Sas s.a. 1899 - 1900 Andrii Sheptytskyj s.a. 1900 - 1904 vacant 1904 - 1947 Hryhorii Khomyshyn, jailed 1945 - 1947 1867 - 1947
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