NIEDERÖSTERREICH / LOWER AUSTRIA
ARCHDUCHY ÖSTERREICH UNTER DER ENNS / AUSTRIA BELOW THE ENNS
The Margraviate of Austria - then called Ostmark - was founded ca 970. It became a
Duchy in 1156 and an Archduchy in 1457. (1) In the course of the following centuries
it also became the center of Habsburg power in Central Europe and of the Austrian
Monarchy.
In 1849 it became a separate Kronland of the Monarchy, enjoying a certain degree of
selfgovernment after 1861.
(1) To distinct this Austrian heartland from western territories which had
been annexed to it - and which became known as Österreich ob der Enns -
the name of Österreich unter der Enns later became customary for the
region, the rulers being styled Erzherzöge Österreichs ob und unter der
Enns / Archdukes of Austria above and below the Enns until 1861, when
the last link between the two regions was formally broken.
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HEADS OF STATE
Archdukes
Erzherzöge
House of Habsburg - Lothringen
(ruled since 1780)
1804 - 1918 The Emperors of Austria
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IMPERIAL ADMINISTRATORS
Presidents of the Government
Regierungspräsidenten
1830 - 1848 Johann Adam Talatzko Freiherr
von Gestieticz 1778 - 1858
1848 Anton Raimund Graf von Lamberg 1795 - 1869
1848 Gustav Ignaz Graf Chorinsky
Freiherr von Ledske 1806 - 1873
Statthalter
1849 Gustav Ignaz Graf Chorinsky
Freiherr von Ledske s.a.
1849 - 1858 Joseph Wilhelm Freiherr von Eminger 1801 - 1858
1858 - 1860 Karl Prinz von Lobkowitz 1814 - 1879
1860 - 1862 Anton Freiherr Halbhuber von Festwill 1809 - 1886
1862 - 1868 Gustav Ignaz Graf Chorinsky
Freiherr von Ledske (2x)
1868 - 1872 Philipp Freiherr Weber von Ebenhof 1818 - 1900
1872 - 1880 Sigismund Freiherr Conrad von Eybesfeld 1821 - 1898
1880 - 1889 Ludwig Freiherr Possinger von Choborsky 1823 - 1899
1889 - 1895 Erich Graf von Kielmannsegg 1847 - 1923
1895 Friedrich Freiherr Bourguignon von Baumberg
1895 - 1911 Erich Graf von Kielmannsegg (2x)
1911 - 1915 Richard Graf Bienerth-Schmerling 1863 - 1918
1915 - 1918 Oktavian Freiherr Regner von Bleyleben 1866 - 1945
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HEADS OF THE LAND GOVERNMENT
Landmarschälle
1861 - 1867 Joseph Fürst Colloredo-Mansfeld 1813 - 1895
1867 - 1870 Adolf Freiherr Pratobevera von Wiesborn 1806 - 1875
1870 - 1880 Othmar Helferstorfer, Abt des Schotten-
stiftes
1880 - 1884 Cajetan Freiherr von Felder 1814 - 1894
1884 - 1893 Christian Graf Kinsky zu Wichnitz und
Tettau
1893 - 1894 Leopold Freiherr von Gudenus 1843 - 1913
1894 - 1896 Otto Ehrenreich Graf Abensberg-Traun 1848 - 1899
1896 - 1902 Joseph Freiherr von Gudenus
1902 - 1906 Frigdian Schmolk, Propst des Stiftes
Herzogenburg 1842 - 1912
1906 - 1918 Alois Prinz von und zu Liechtenstein 1846 - 1920
AUSTRIAN LAND NIEDERÖSTERREICH
In 1918 Habsburg rule came to an end and Österreich unter der Enns - now known as
Niederösterreich - became a Land of the new Austrian Republic. (1)
(1) In 1922 the city of Vienna was detached and became a separate Austrian Land.
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CHIEF EXECUTIVES
Landeshauptleute
1918 - 1919 Leopold Steiner 1858 - 1927
1919 - 1920 Albert Server 1867 - 1942
1920 - 1922 Johann Mayer 1858 - 1941
1922 - 1931 Karl Buresch 1878 - 1936
1931 - 1932 Josef Reither 1880 - 1950
1932 - 1933 Karl Buresch (2x)
1933 - 1934 Josef Reither (2x)
1934 - 1935 Eduard Baar-Baarenfels* 1885 - 1967
1935 - 1938 Josef Reither (3x)
After the annexation of Austria to Germany, Niederösterreich continued to exist as
a Land until 1939 when it was reorganized firstly as the Gau Nieder-Donau (Lower
Danube) of the Ostmark and later, in 1940, as a Reichsgau directly subordinated to
the German central government. (1)
(1) The Gau also comprised the northern part of Burgenland and the
German districts of Moravia taken from Czechoslovakia in 1938.
(These territories had already briefly joined the Land Niederösterreich
in 1918)
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REPRESENTATIVE OF THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
Reichsstatthalter
1940 - 1945 S.S.-Obergrupf. (1943) Hugo Jury 1887 - 1945
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CHIEF EXECUTIVES
Landeshauptleute
1938 S.A.-Standartenf. Roman Jäger 1909 - 1943
1938 - 1939 Hugo Jury s.a.
Gauleiter (2)
1939 - 1945 S.S.-Obergrupf. Hugo Jury s.a.
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PARTY LEADERS
Gauleiter of the N.S.D.A.P. in Niederösterreich / Niederdonau (2)
1938 S.A.-Standartenf. Roman Jäger s.a.
1938 - 1945 S.S.-Obergrupf. Hugo Jury s.a.
(2) Until 1939 "Gauleiter" was only used for the regional leader of the
Party. Afterwards it was also used for the chief executive.
AUSTRIAN LAND NIEDERÖSTERREICH
In 1945, after the end of German rule, the land Niederösterreich was immediately
restored by the Provisional Austrian Government.
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CHIEF EXECUTIVE
Landeshauptmann
1945 Leopold Figl 1902 - 1965
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