PARMA AND PIACENZA
See also ROMAN CATHOLIC HIERARCHY IN PARMA AND PIACENZA 1848 - 1860
DUCHIES OF PARMA AND PIACENZA
The Duchies of Parma and Piacenza were created in 1545 out of the papal possessions of the same name. They were under French rule from 1802 to 1814. __________________________________________________________________________________HEADS OF STATE
Dukes Duchi House of Borbone-Parma (ruled since 1847) Full style : Infant of Spain, by the Grace of God Duke of Parma, Piacenza, Castro and annexed States Infante di Spagna (Infante de España), Per la Grazia di Dio Duca di Parma, Piacenza, Castro e Stati annessi (1) (1) "Stati annessi" refers to the Pontremoli province of the Tuscan Lunigiana region that was annexed to Parma and Piacenza in 1847 1847 - 1849 Carlo II (Carlo Lodovico Ferdinando) left the country without abdicating in apr 1848 and unlike the other monarchs of the region, did not return after the revolutionary period, renounced in mar 1849 in favour of : 1799 - 1883 1849 - 1854 Carlo III (Ferdinando Carlo Giuseppe Maria Vittorio Baldassare), son, in exile until may 17 1849, assassinated 1823 - 1854 1854 - 1859 Roberto I (Roberto Carlo Luigi Maria), son, (in exile?) 1848 - 1907 Regent during the minority of the Duke 1854 - 1859 Louise Marie (Luigia Maria) Thérèse de Bourbon, Princesse de France, mother, in exile may 01 - may 04 and since jun 09 1859 1819 - 1864 __________________________________________________________________________________MINISTERS
(all ministers of 1859 possibly had acting successors) 1848 - 1849* = See Administrators of Revolutionary Parma and Piacenza. Ministers of Foreign Affairs 183. - 1848 MajGen. Lorenzo de Richter 1848 - 1849* 1849 - 1854 Vincenzo cavaliere Cornacchia* 1854 - 1859 Giuseppe Maria marchese Pallavicino Ministers of Defense Prsesidents of the Military Department 1834 - 1848 Charles René, Comte de Bombelles, de facto head of the whole administration 1785 - 1856 1848 - 1849* 1849 - 1854 none. Military affairs under the direct care of Duke Carlo III s.a. Aides-de-Camp General 1849 - 185. Diofebo marchese Meli Lupi di Soragna 1808 - 1897 185. - 1854 Marsh. Achille conte de la Roche-Poucin 1854 - 1859 Giuseppe Maria marchese Pallavicino s.a. Ministers of the Interior 1847 - 1848 Vincenzo cavaliere Cornacchia s.a. 1848 - 1849* 1849 - 1850 Giuseppe Maria marchese Pallavicino s.a. 1850 - 1854 Vincenzo cavaliere Cornacchia (2x) 1854 - 1859 Giuseppe Catani Ministers of Justice 1842 - 1848 Enrico Salati 1848 - 1849* 1849 - 1859 Enrico Salati (2x) Ministers of Finances 1846 - 1848 Vincenzo cavaliere Vivenzi 1848 - 1849* 1849 - 1850 Antonio cavaliere Lombardini 1794 - 1869 1850 - 1854 Marco Aurelio cavaliere Onesti 1854 - 1859 Antonio cavaliere Lombardini (2x) __________________________________________________________________________________ADMINISTRATORS OF PARMA AND PIACENZA
1848 - 1849* = See Administrators of Revolutionary Parma and Piacenza. PARMA Governors Governatori 18.. - 1848 Alessandro conte Rugalti 1848 - 1849* 1849 - 1859 Edoardo conte Dall'Asta PIACENZA Governors Governatori 1847 - 1848 Gianfrancesco marchese Pallavicino 1848 - 1849* 1849 - 1850 Gianfrancesco marchese Pallavicino (2x) 1850 - 1854 Giulio conte Zileri 1854 - 1859 Gen. Paolo conte Scotti della Scala 1... - 1877 _________________________________________________________________________________ADMINISTRATORS OF REVOLUTIONARY PARMA AND PIACENZA 1848 -1849
Events of 1848 - 1849 1848 Mar 20 : Following pro Sardinian agitation Duke Carlo II transferred all authority to a Regency (2) Apr 11 : The Regency was replaced by two pro Sardinian provisional governments. Apr 19 : Duke Carlo II left the country wiithout abdicating. May : After plebiscites, Parma (may 10) and Piacenza (may 25) were annexed to Sardinia. May 12 : Pontremoli, where a pro Tuscan provisional government had seized power, was annexed to Tuscany. Jun : The administration of the Duchies was taken over by Sardinian officials. Aug : The Duchies were occupied by Austrian troops (3). A provisional military administration assumed power. 1849 Mar : Parma and Piacenza were occupied by Sardinian troops and a pro Sardinian provisional government once again assumed power. Mar 14 : Duke Carlo II abdicated in favour of his son Carlo III. Mar : The Duchies were occupied by Austrian troops. The Austrian commanders of the troops operating in the area became the supreme authorities until a possible return of the Duke. Apr 08 : A central Junta was entrusted with the government of the Duchies under the supervision of the Austrian military. Apr 12 : Pontremoli was occupied by Austrian troops and reunited with Parma. Apr 14 : Duke Carlo III appointed a governmental commission to govern the country until his returrn. May 17 : Duke Carlo III returned to Parma and assumed power on aug 23. (4) (2) Regency Regenza 1848 -Luigi Sanvitale, conte di Fontanellato(Presidente) 1799 - 1876 -Girolamo Cantelli, conte di Rubbiano 1815 - 1884 -Pietro Gioa -Ferdinando Maestri -Paolo Pellegrini (3) Commander of the Austrian troops operating in Parma and Piacenza 1848 LtFieldmarsh. Georg Graf von Thurn zu Valsássina (4) Like the other central Italian States, Parma and Piacenza was under tight Austrian supervision after the restoration. See here for the Austrian diplomatic representatives and here for the Austrian military commanders in the area Provisional Governments 1848 Provisional Government of Parma 1848 -Gregorio Ferdinando conte di Castagnola (Presidente) 1786 - 1858 -... Provisional Government of Piacenza 1848 -Pietro Gioia (Presidente) s.a. -Antonio conte Anguissola -Camillo Piatti -Corrado conte Marazzani -Antonio Emanueli Sardinian Administrators ... Provisional Military Governor(s?) 1848 - 184. Gen. August Graf von Degenfeld-Schomburg ...? Provisional Government 1849 1849 -Salvatore Riva (Presidente?) -Alessandro Cavagnari -Guido Dalla Rosa Commanders of the Austrian forces operating in Parma and Piacenza (also supreme heads of the civil administration) 1849 Feldzeugm. Konstantin Freiherr d'Aspre von Hoobreuck, later moved to Tuscany 1789 — 1850 1849 ... Central Junta Members for Parma 1849 -Vincenzo cavaliere Cornaccia (Governor General) s.a. -Giuseppe cavaliere Guadagni -Antonio cavaliere Lombardini s.a. -Marco Aurelio cavaliere Onesti s.a. Members for Piacenza 1849 -Giulio conte Barattieri (Governor) -Luigi conte Guarnaschelli -Gaetano Petrucci Governmental Commission 1849 the same members as the Junta (no names of ministers in this period were found. All information on this subject will be very welcomed)
PARMA AND PIACENZA 1859
Events of 1859 May 01 : At the outbreak of the Austro-Sardinian War, Regent Louise Marie left the country after having transferred all power to the ministry (1). May 02 : A pro Sardinian Provisional Governing Junta seized power. May 03 : Loyalist troops deposed the Junta. The ministry re-assumed all power. May 04 : Regent Louise Marie returned to Parma. Jun 09 : At the approach of Sardinian troops (occupying Pontremoli, where a separate pro Sardinian provisional government assumed power), Regent Louise Marie once again left the country after having entrusted the government of both Duchies to extraordinary commissioners (2). The extraordary commissioner of Parma nearly immediately ceded all power to the Municipal Council (Presidente : Podestà Casimiro principe Meli Lupi di Soragna, 1783 - 1865) who then appointed a Provisional Governmental Commission (3). Jun 16 : The administration was taken over by Sardinian officials. Aug 18 : Parma nad Piacenza accepted to unite under one dictatorship with Modena. Sep 11 : A National Assembly (Presidente : ...) deposed the house of Borbone-Parma. Sep 12 : The National Assembly proclaimed the union with Sardinia. Dec 03 : Parma and Piacenza became part of Central Italy. Dec 08 : Parma and Piacenza became part of Emilia. (1) At that moment consisting of (s.a.) : Giuseppe Catanni Antonio cavaliere Lombardini Giuseppe marchese Pallavicino Enrico Salati (2) Extraordnary commissioner of Parma Commissario straordinario di Parma 1859 Luigi cavaliers Draghi Extraordnary commissioner of Piacenza Commissario straordinario di Piacenza 1859 ... Roberto I continued as pretender and as head of the House of Borbone- Parma until his death in 1907. Successors 1907 - 1939 Enrico Maria Alberto Ferdinando Carlo Pio Luigi Antonio, son 1873 - 1939 1939 - 1950 Giuseppe Maria Pietro Paolo Francesco Roberto Tomaso-d'Aquino etc, brother 1875 - 1950 (3) The situation in Piacenza and Pontremoli in the period jun - dec is not known. All information on this subject is welcome. __________________________________________________________________________________CHIEF ADMINISTRATORS
Provisional Governing Junta Giunta Provvisoria di Governo 1859 -Salvatore Riva (Presidente?) s.a. -Leonzio Armelonghi -Angiolo Garbarini -Giorgio Ma(s?)ini Provisional Governmental Commission Commissione Provvisoria di Governo 1859 -Girolamo Cantelli conte di Rubbiano (Presidente) s.a. -Evaristo Armeni -Pietro Bruno Royal Commissioners Commissari del Re 1859 Diodato conte Pallieri 1859 Giuseppe Manfredi* 1828 - 1918 Dictator Dittatore 1859 Luigi Carlo Farini, Dictator of Modena and of Romagna (since Nov) 1812 - 1866 Representative for the Parma Provinces 1859 Giuseppe Manfredi s.a. (no names of ministers in this period were found. All information on this subject will be very welcomed)
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