Documents in American History


Popular Protest and Revolution

Charleston, South Carolina, Sons of Liberty, 1766

1. Christopher Gadsden, merchant 14. John Calvert, "clerk in some office"
2. Joseph Veree, carpenter 15. H[enry] Y. Bookless, wheelwright
3. Joseph Veree, carpenter 16. J. Barlow, sadler
4. John Fullerton, carpenter 17. Tunis Teabout, blacksmith
5. James Brown, carpenter 18. Peter Munclean, clerk
6. Nath[anie]l Libby, ship carpenter 19. W[illia]m Trusler, butcher
7. George Flagg, painter and glazier 20. Robert Howard, carpenter
8. Tho[ma]s Coleman, upholsterer 21. Alexander Alexander, schoolmaster
9. John Hall, coachmaker 22. Ed[ward] Weyman, clerk of St. Philip's Church
and glass grinder
10. W[illia]m Field, carver 23. Tho[ma]s Swarle, painter
11. Robert Jones, sadler 24. W[illia]m Swarle, painter
12. John Loughton, coachmaker 25. Daniel Cannon, carpenter
13. "W." Rogers, wheelwright 26. Benjamin Hawes, painter

Source: Charleston, S.C., Sons of Liberty, Membership List, 1766, Robert W. Gibbes, ed., Documentary History of the American Revolution, South Carolina, 1764-1776 (New York, 1855), pages 10-11.

Gouverneur Morris Warns Against Democratic Revolution

These sheep, simple as they are, cannot be gulled as heretofore. In short, there is no ruling them; and now, to leave the metaphor, the heads of the mobility [the mob] grow dangerous to the gentry, and how to keep them down is the question. While they correspond with the other colonies, call and dismiss popular assemblies, make resolves to bind the consciences of the rest of mankind, bully poor printers, and exert with full force all their other tribunitial powers, it is impossible to curb them. . . .

I stood in the balcony, and on my right hand were ranged all the people of property, with some few poor dependents, and on the other all the tradesmen, etc., who thought it worth their while to leave daily labor for the good of the country. The spirit of the English constitution has yet a little influence left, and but a little. The remains of it, however, will give the wealthy people a superiority this time, but would they secure it they must banish all schoolmasters and confine all knowledge to themselves. This cannot be. The mob begin to think and reason. Poor reptiles! it is with them a vernal morning; they are struggling to cast off their winter's slough, they bask in the sunshine, and ere noon they will bite, depend upon it.

The gentry begin to fear this. Their committee will be appointed; they will deceive the people and again forfeit a share of their confidence. And if these instances of what with one side is policy, with the other perfidy, shall continue to increase and become more frequent, farewell aristocracy. I see, and I see it with fear and trembling, that if the disputes with Great Britain continue, we shall be under the worst of all possible dominions; we shall be under the domination of a riotous mob.

Source: Gouverneur Morris to John Penn, May 20, 1774, American Archives: Fourth Series Containing a Documentary History of the English Colonies in North America from the King's Message to Parliament of March 7, 1774 to the Declaration of Independence of the United States, ed. Peter Force (Washington, 1837-1846). Vol. 1, pages 342-343.

Return to the Study Guide for Popular Protest and Revolution


© JST, e-mail jodyseimtimmins@gmail.com / Created 29 April 1998