Roman bas-relief of the captured Menorah from the Holy Temple
B.C.
1700?: AVRAHAM. There were 14 generations from AVRAHAM to DAVID the king. (Matthew 1:17)[1]
14th Century: The city of Jerusalem mentioned in the Amarna Letters, the diplomatic correspondence between Egyptian Pharoahs AMENOPHIS III and his son AKHENATEN (1377-1358).
13th Century: The Exodus of MOISHE (MOSES) and the children of Israel from Egypt. Most likely under the Reign of Pharoah RAMESES II (1301-1234). There were 430 years from AVRAHAM to the giving of the Torah to MOISHE. (Galatians 3:17)
1100: Midianite invasion.
1010: Philistine invasion of central Palestine.
1000-985: SAUL is king.
985-963: DAVID is king. He conquers Jerusalem, and renames it the City of David, making it the Capitol of Israel. There are 14 generations from DAVID to the carrying away to Babylon. (Matthew 1:17)
963-929: SOLOMON, son of DAVID is king.
959: First Holy Temple completed under SOLOMON.
929: Kingdom of Israel goes to Solomons' son; King REHOBOAM (929-913). Secession of Northern Tribes of Israel. Soon afterwards, probably in the summer of 925 B.C. SHISHAK (SHOSHENK I) of Egypt invades and conquers Palestine and loots the Holy Temple in Jerusalem of all its treasures and the Royal Palace of all of King SOLOMONS' gold and valuables carrying them back to Egypt. (I Kings 14:25-26).
867-846: King JEHOSHAPHAT Rules Israel
702: SHALMANESER V conquers city of Samaria; end of Northern Kingdom of Israel.
721-705: SARGON II Rules Assyria.
727-698: King HEZEKIAH Rules Israel.
680: Around this date, PROPHET ISAIAH martyred by King MANASSEH.
640: Assyrians retreat completely from their estates in Palestine.
625: Ministry of the PROPHET JEREMIAH begins. Lasts 40 years until after 586 B.C. when Judah ceases to be a state. There are 14 generations from the carrying away to Babylon to MESSIAH YESHUA. (Matthew 1:17)
621-607: King JOSIAH Rules Israel.
609-598: King JEHOIAKIM Rules Israel.
605: Battle of Carchemish. Babylonian Rule established over Western Asia. PROPHET DANIEL taken to Babylon.
597: PROPHET EZEKIEL taken to Babylon. His Ministry continues for at least 22 years.
590: Birth of CYRUS I (THE GREAT).
587-586: Seige and Fall of Jerusalem on the 9th of Av 586 to NEBUCHADNEZZAR, beginning Babylonian captivity.
Precise Messianic Prophecy given to DANIEL THE PROPHET by the ARCHANGEL GABRIEL during captivity:
ARCHANGEL GABRIEL Speaking to DANIEL THE PROPHET: "Know therefore and Understand, from the going forth of the command to restore and to build Jerusalem, unto THE MESSIAH THE PRINCE, seven weeks and sixty two weeks; the street shall be built again, and the wall, even in troublous times." Daniel 9:25
538: CYRUS THE GREAT (b. 528) of Persia conquers Babylon. Founding of Persian Empire. He gives the command to EZRA to rebuild the Holy Temple in Jerusalem. (Ezra 1:2) About 40,000 Jews leave to rebuild the Temple in 537. About 529, CYRUS I dies in battle, is succeeded by his son CAMBYCES.
520: PROPHET HAGGAI Prophesies. PROPHET ZECHARIAH Prophesies about two months later.
516: Second Temple completed and dedicated, fulfilling the 70 year captivity.
480: Battle of Salamis
464-425: ARTAXERXES I Rules Persia. Son of Xerxes I[2]
458: "Countdown to Messiah" begins. This marks the time of the Fulfullment of the "Going forth of the commandment to restore and rebuild Jerusalem", (first done in Ezra 7:7 in 458 B.C.) which was given by King ARTAXERXES I in the 7th year of his Reign. [3]
Counting foward 490 years from the time of Artaxexes command in 458 we arrive at these events:
432: PROPHET MALACHI Prophesies. The Book of NEHEMIAH probably also written at this time. Greek Parthenon completed.
400: Around this date, TORAH (1st five Books of Moses) Canonized.
356: Birth of ALEXANDER THE GREAT. Son of PHILIP OF MACEDON and QUEEN ROXANNE. ALEXANDER conquers the civilized world. He invents the Koine Greek to command his army more efficiently. Establishes the Greek Empire. The Greek language is spread throughout the world. He dies in 323 in Babylon.
260: King PHILADELPHUS I of Alexandria Commissions the Hebrew Scriptures to be translated into Greek. It is called the Septuagint (LXX). It was translated from Hebrew Scrolls (Hebrew originals of which no longer exist today) sent by the High Priest ELEAZAR from Jerusalem to Alexandria.[4]
200: Around this date, Nuviim (Prophets) are Canonized.
197: Judea becomes a province under the Seleucid Empire, ruled by the Syrian successors of ALEXANDER THE GREAT.
187-175: SELEUCUS IV. Beginning of Hellenistic infiltration, resisted by Zadokite High Priest ONIAS III.
175-164: ANTIOCHUS IV (EPIPHANES). ONIAS is deposed and replaced by Hellenophile brother JASON.
172: JASON expelled from office in favor of MENELAUS, Hellenizing High Priest from 172-162 B.C.
171: ONIAS III murdered at the instigation of MENELAUS. Forced Hellenization.
169: ANTIOCHUS EPIPHANES led by MENELAUS plunders and profanes the Temple in Jerusalem.
168: ANTIOCHUS EPIPHANES thwarted by the Romans in his Second Campaign against Egypt.
167: Military occupation of Jerusalem for three years by Antiochus Epiphanes and persecution of those Jews who opposed the unification of the Seleucid Empire on the basis of Greek culture and religion. Official abolition of the Jewish religion and practices under threat of death. The Torah is outlawed. Circumcision of Jewish male children outlawed. The Holy Temple is transformed into a sanctuary of the Olympian Zeus.
166: Rising of the MACCABEES supported by the traditional parties under the leadership of JUDAS MACCABEUS.
164: Truce. Cleansing of the Temple, still held by MENELAUS.
162-150: DEMETRIUS I. MENELAUS executed by the Syrians. ALCIMUS appointed High Priest by the King.
161: JUDAS MACCABEUS killed in battle. His brother JONATHAN assumes leadership of the Jewish army. (161-152 B.C.).
160: ALCIMUS, the last Hellenizing High Priest, dies of a stroke. End of Syrian military intervention.
152-145: ALEXANDER BALAS usurps the Seleucid Throne and appoints JONATHAN High Priest(152-142/3 B.C.).
145-142: ANTIOCHUS VI, son of ALEXANDER BALAS, raised to the Throne by TRYPHON, his fathers' General. JONATHAN NACCABEUS named Governor of Syria. SIMON, his brother made Military Governor of the Palestinian Littoral.
143: JONATHAN arrested by TRYPHON.
143/2-135/4: SIMON High Priest and Ethnarch.
142: JONATHAN executed in prison.
142: SIMONS' Titles Confirmed as Hereditary. Foundation of the MACCABEAN or HASMONEAN Dynasty.
135/4: SIMON murdered by his son-in-law.
135/4-104: JOHN HYRCANUS I High Priest and Ethnarch. Opposed by the Pharisees.
125: Around this date, JOHN HYRCANUS I conquers Edom and forced conversion to Judaism for Edomite Arabs instituted. They underwent forced circumcision; known as "Edomite Jews". King Herod of the New Testament and his line were descended from these Edomite Jews. Go HERE for more on this subject. It is believed that about this time, the Essenes separated and set up a base in the wilderness of Judea at QUMRAN to prepare the way of MESSIAH.
104-103: ARISTOBULUS I High Priest and King.
103-76: ALEXANDER JANNEUS High Priest, King and Conqueror[5] Resisted by the Pharisees.
102?: Birth of later Roman EMPEROR GAIUS JULIUS CAESAR
76-67: ALEXANDRA, widow of ALEXANDER JANNEUS; becomes Queen. Friend of the Pharisees. HYRCANUS II High Priest.
74 B.C. HEROD the Great born about this time. Son of ANTIPATER. During HEROD the Greats' youth, an Essene unexpectedly Prophesies he will one day be king.
67: HYRCANUS II King and High Priest. Deposed by his brother ARISTOBULUS.
67-63: ARISTOBULUS II King and High Priest. Taken prisoner by Pompey in 63 B.C. after the fall of Jerusalem. Judea becomes a Roman province.
63-40: HYRCANUS II reinstated as High Priest without the Royal Title.
44: Assassination of Roman EMPEROR GAIUS JULIUS CAESAR in the Ides of March.
40-37: ANTIGONUS, son of ARISTOBULUS II, occupies the Throne and Pontificate with Parthian support. HYRCANUS maimed and exiled.
34 B.C.- 4 B.C.: HEROD THE GREAT made "king of the Jews" by the Roman Senate in Fulfillment of the Essene Prophecy. HEROD does not forget this and so the ESSENE QUARTER is constructed in Jerusalem. Herod was an Edomite-Jew and Fullfilled Daniel 11.
43 B.C.: HEROD ANTIPATER, HERODS' father, dies. Edomite-Jew.
31 B.C. Battle of Actium. Fulfilling Daniel 11:40 ff. regarding "the king of the north" which was OCTAVIAN CAESAR, "the king of the south" which was MARC ANTONY and the "wilfull king" which was HEROD the Great.
31 B.C. HEROD ANTIPAS Son of HEROD the Great born. This is the HEROD of the New Testament under which John the Baptist was beheaded, and Yeshua was questioned and mocked. He secured a part of his father HERODS kingdom after Emperor AUGUSTUS adjusted the will. HEROD ANTIPAS divorced his Nabatean wife to marry Herodius, the wife of his half-brother. This caused great offense among his subjects. He was later banished to Gaul by Emperor CALIGULA. His second wife Herodius went with him.
30 B.C.: HYRCANUS II executed by HEROD the Great. End of Hasmonean Dynasty. Replaced by Edomite-Jews.
27 B.C.-14 A.D.: AUGUSTUS Roman Emperor
25 B.C. - Construction of Herods' temple begun
5 B.C.: Around this time or a little before, the Birth of YESHUA HAMOSHIACH, Fulfilling the Old Testament Prophecies that also confirm that The Messiah of Israel had to suffer before His Eternal Glory. Herod orders the murder of all Jewish male children in Bethlehem three years old and youmger. YOSEF is warned in a dream by the Angel of the L-RD and he and MIRYAM escape with YESHUA to Egypt. Matthew 2:13.
4 B.C.: About this time, death of HEROD the Great.
4 B.C.-6 A.D: HEROD ARCHALEUS (HERODS' son) becomes Ethnarch of Judea and Samaria. Deposed in favor of a Roman ruler.
14-37: TIBERIUS Roman Emperor
26-36: PONTIUS PILATE Prefect of Judea.
29-30 A.D.: YESHUA Baptized by John the Baptist. Close of the Prophecy of Daniels' 69th week and 70th week begins. "In the midst of the Week", 3 1/2 years later, Yeshua is crucified.
33 A.D. The [Precise Year of the Fulfillment
YESHUA Announces, "it is Finished". He dies, is buried and is Raised from the dead on the third day. He Appears to thousands after His Resurrection.
37 A.D.: Approximate date of RAV SHA'UL of Tarsus conversion to Yeshua on the road to Damascus. The Resurrected Yeshua Appoints him as APOSTLE to the Gentiles. RAV (great one) SHA'ULS' name is changed to PAUL (PAULOS: little one), and he never uses RAV SHA'UL again.
37-41: GAIUS (CALIGULA) Emperor
37: HEROD AGRIPPA, Edomite-Jew, grandson of Herod the Great through Aristobulus. Appointed king of some northern Jewish territories by Caligula. Had written critical letters regarding Pontius Pilates' administration. Given rule over Judaea and Samaria for 3 years starting in 41 A.D. Orders the execution of the Apostle YAKOV (JAMES), the L-rds' half-brother, and the arrest of the Apostle PETER, who was released. Turns Caesarea into a pagan city. Dies "eaten of worms" after failing to rebuke admirers in Caesarea upon calling him a "god" in 44 A.D.
39: HEROD ANTIPAS dies.
51: Jerusalem Council meets. Specific Ruling given that the Gentiles were not under the Laws of MOSES Given to the Jewish people. Event and Laws for Gentiles recorded in Acts 21:25.
41-54: CLAUDIUS Emperor
54-68: NERO (NERON) Roman Emperor. Starts peacefully. Persecution of Christians begins in earnest: 64 A.D. Some scholars say the Book of Revelation was written by the Apostle John during the Reign of Emperor NERO.
63: APOSTLE PAULS' first Roman imprisonment. Released. Christianity was not a capital offense at this time.
64: In the summer, Rome suffers the great fire. NERO blamed the Christians and instituted capital punishment with unimaginable persecutions. His secret police terrorized Rome.
65-66: Books of I, II Peter written.
66-67: APOSTLES PETER and PAUL martyred.
68: NERO commits suicide June 9th. General VESPASIAN dispatched to Israel to quell Jewish unrest.
66-70: First Jewish War ending in 70 A.D. with the capture of Jerusalem and the destruction of the Temple by VESPASIANS' son, TITUS. [7] Not one stone is left standing upon another of the original Temple. ESSENES flee to Pella.
Roman bas-relief of the captured Menorah from the Holy Temple
69-79: VESPASIAN Emperor.
73/4: Fall of Masada.
79-81: TITUS Emperor.
81-96: DOMITIAN Roman Emperor. Declares himself to be both "L-RD and G-D" and demanding mandatory worship as such.
93: Flavius JOSEPHUS finishes his work, "Antiquities of the Jews".
96-98: NERVA Emperor
97: TIMOTHY martyred.
98-117: TRAJAN Emperor.
117-138: HADRIAN Emperor
130: A.D. Roman Emperor HADRIAN converts Jerusalem into a Roman colony, renaming it Aelia Capitolina, which the Jewish people are not permitted to enter.
131: A different "Greek Septuagint" is produced by one AQUILA the proselyte (a Gentile convert to Judaism; no relation to AQUILA of the New Testament) which alters passages concerning the DEITY OF MESSIAH.
132-135: Second Jewish Revolt against Rome; known as the BAR KOCHBA Revolt. BAR KOSIBA is renamed BAR KOCHBA and proclained the "messiah" by R" AKIVA; at first, he (BAR KOSIBA) refuses to accept, but is soon convinced by R" AKIVA to accept the title. Believers in YESHUA totally separate because of strict warnings in the New Testament about any other messiah. In the ensuing battles, the Jewish forces are totally defeated by the Romans. Jews captured alive suffer excruciating deaths at the hands of the Romans.
138-161: ANTONIUS PIOUS Emperor. Both he and Emperor HADRIAN erected statues of themselves right on the Temple Mount.
161-180: MARCUS AURELIUS Emperor
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[1
Recent discoveries at Qumran among the Dead Sea Scrolls Book of Jubilees have confirmed that Luke 3:36 is accurate and confirms 14 generations. The Septuagint (LXX) also agrees here with 14 generations in Genesis 10:24 and 11::12.
THe Hebrew Masoretic Text (MT) omits Canaan as the son of Arphaxad and has Salah. Luke 3:36, The Book of Jubilees from the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Septuagint (LXX) all have Canaan as the son of Arphaxad and not Salah. Salah was Canaans' son, not Arphaxads'.
[2
[5
[6
[7
Allis, Oswald T. Prophecy and the Church. 1945.
Bible Encyclopedia. See Note (2).
Bruckner, David. futureHOPE. 1999.
Charlesworth, James. Jesus and the Dead Sea Scrolls. Doubleday; New York. 1992. 370 pps.
Hoehner, Dr. Howard
Josephus. Complete Works
Philo of Alexandria. Complete Works
Rand-McNally. Bible Atlas. Ed. E. G. Kraeling, Ph.D. Rand McNally. New York. 1946. 485 pps.
Shanks, Hershel. Biblical Archaeological Review
Underwood, Jonathan. A History of the English Bible. Standard Publishing. Cincinnati, Ohio. 1983. 95 pps.
Vermes, Geza; The Dead Sea Scrolls in English. Penguin Books. New York. 1998. 648 pps.
