Every once in a while in bird circles, the topic of ethoxyquin comes up for discussion. For those of you who don't know what ethoxyquin is, let's start out with a description.
Ethoxyquin is a chemical preservative which is used almost exclusively in animal feed to prevent rancidity. It is approved for use in human foods only as an anti-oxidant in items such as chili powder or paprika. It has been suggested that ethoxyquin causes health problems in animals who eat foods preserved with ethoxyquin. For the most part, it is used in dog and cat foods, as well as some manufactured avian diets. Some of the health problems which have been linked with use of ethoxyquin are lethargy, kidney disease, reproductive problems, skin disorders, and cancer. These reports have not been substantiated under laboratory conditions; they are simply observations which have been reported. Studes have shown that exposure to elevated amounts of ethoxyquin may cause cancer (in rats). Further study is under consideration.
This is not to say that there are no dangers from using ethoxyquin as a preservative in bird foods. None of the studies to date have focused on birds. It is also worthwhile to note that while the maximum amount which can be used is the same for all animal, there is great disparity in size between dogs and birds; thus, it may be worthwhile to look into food alternatives that do not contain ethoxyquin. There are other options for preservatives (such as vitamin A, although the shelf life is not as long).
The approved level of ethoxyquin for use in animal foods is 150 parts per million. Most manufacturers of avian diets which incorporate ethoxyquin use levels which are less than the maximum allowed. If you are concerned about ethoxyquin, it is suggested that you read the ingredients on all packaging, and contact the manufacturer if possible--they will be able to give more detailed information.
A partial list of manufacturers is available on the Health and Nutrition page.
References and Additional Resources
Ethoxyquin
Ethoxyquin Homepage
Press Release
(FDA)
Ethoxyquin
