PRISONER OF WAR.

Diary of the first four months.

Giovanni Notte


2nd Instalment

November 12-13

I am jotting down these notes while my friends are singing. It is Saturday; I don't know why on Saturdays everybody seems to be happier and sings. The same happened in Saltzburg.

The collection of songs is quite varied, and sad songs are followed by rhythmic songs, then by funny ones: an extraordinarily mixed bag. It's a good thing that Italians are not short of a good mood and of a silver throat: we can be happy even in a prison camp.
I mentioned before some new chums. We get in line for the count, then we go to work (it is snowing and a shiver runs down my spine at the thought of staying five hours, a brush on hand, on a ladder). In the meantime I think that at home I would still be sleeping at that time and that, on waking up and seeing snow, I would have gone back to bed with a grin of satisfaction. Then I hear my name called and those of Jovine and Di Tullio, and someone else's.
Great is our surprise. Where are we going? Perhaps to work in a factory. We hurry to collect our things, which are quite slim after so many reviews. I only have a small suitcase and an equally small knapsack.
I go to the barrack to get my bread allowance. I fill up, although this bread doesn't really fill you up when you eat it. I return my two blankets, and ask the Germans where we are going. They say: to Hollein.
In the meantime with a Bordin of Milan and with a sergeant from Bologna we discuss the conditions in which we shall find Italy and many other subjects.
Bordin mentions leaving his mother; I remember mine and I cry. I cry, but I am not ashamed to confess it.
In the kitchen they give us some bread with margarine, salami and cheese. Then we leave. But we cannot walk on the sidewalk. It makes me thing of a naive peasant, prisoner of war in Germany during the First World War. Then I used to laugh; no more now, unfortunately.
Arrival in Hollein. The soldier who is escorting us doesn't know where to go. Finally we arrive at a Lager. There is nobody there. We get settled while waiting for the others. They arrive at noon and we introduce ourselves. They are all soldiers and seem to be good people. We run into two soldiers who were once with us in Markt-Pongau. It is so nice to see two well known faces among so many others.
I ask about food , but the opinions are conflicting. Apparently lunch is quite poor, not so supper, though.
Thirteen of them go to work under a strong rain. After a while the four of us go to the factory to be introduced to the manager. After some wait, we enter his office, one at a time. When he hears that I am a teacher, he asks: Why did they select you?" Well, I answer, I am asking it myself".
We are sent from one office to another and finally we get out of the building. What will it be for us? The answer is :some rain and a nice shovel!. Shovels will be my obsession.
In the afternoon, contrary to what done in Saltzburg, we work, unloading some Populot and a carload of bricks.
The rain does not bother me anymore. The Lager is very well equipped; there is hot water, and also showers. Finally I can bathe well. Soup is warm. For supper we don't eat much; on Saturdays the kitchen is off work.

November 14-15-16

What can I say of these days? Winter is near now, in fact it has arrived already, here. We have some snow. At times I think it is already Christmas and the shepherds's song is on my lips [shepherds with fifes and bagpipe used to go from house to house in Frosolone to play a special Christmas carol]. How much nostalgia!. How I desire to see my family or at least to have their news.

On Saturdays and Sundays, contrary to Saltzburg's, we work. They say that the factory must be finished. In the morning I have unloaded bricks and during the day I shoveled. Our assistants were literally disgusting. I dared to tell one of them that we are not eating enough and he answered that he was for years prisoner of war in Italy and some Italians gave him the whip. Another one made me take the number -I was about to say the name- of a soldier because he had stayed too long in the toilet.
In the evening the corporal called me, but I explained everything and so I got away with it.
My condition as a prisoner has trained me to everything, including not to be worried about rain or snow. On Monday morning I unloaded Populit, working almost under a shelter. On Tuesday instead I worked always indoors, in a bomb shelter.
I have also learned how to steal potatoes. At the railway station there was a freight car loaded with potatoes. With others, I too went there with my little bag and collected a good stock. Catch your chance while you can!. Why should I have been the only idiot there.
In the shelter the type of work is acceptable; besides I am indoors. In the meantime various rumors make the rounds: a speech by Graziano, Reatta is dead, Bolzano bombed, the Russians at the Rumanian border. I still believe that by Christmas the war will be over.

November 17-18-19

Nothing new or different. On Wednesday we ate very well: soup, potatoes (they are always there) with sauerkraut, dessert, fruit and coffee!. It was a meal fit for rich people, not for prisoners of war. We eat like that because the same treatment is for everyone, for the civilian workers as well as for us. But the amounts are not excessive: perhaps they are afraid that a full belly would interfere with our work, which is slowing down all the time, very much slowing down.

Every once in a while I change jobs: when shall I find a permanent one? After having worked with pick and shovel, then as a painter, now I am a stone-dresser. This type of work doesn't kill you, because the boss is a good man and every so often we go to the fire, which we light in the morning to keep us warm.
We are well accepted by everyone, especially by the Frenchmen. I speak their language, thanks to my father and my teacher, Miss Dei, who insisted that I learned it well.
Finally I could write home - a simple postcard. I had so many things to say, but in the end I couldn't say anything at all, just the salutations. Will it arrive, when? Anyway in it I sent my wishes for a Merry Christmas. A Christmas of peace or blood? I am sure it will a peaceful one.

November 20-21-22

Time passes and everything is normal. What we eat depends for a large part on the mood of the woman cook, but generally it is good. There isn't always enough of it, however. We have also had a taste of spaghetti. At Pongao I thought I would have to forget God knows how many things, but not here. I have had coffee, dessert, spaghetti, meat. It would be nice to have some chicken, and oil, but I am forgetting I am a prisoner. Still however one must complain and so every once in a while I compare Hallein to Saltzburg. Now enough of this.

November 23-24

Always the same story, not of the shepherd, but of the prisoner. The type of work is more or less always the same. After having helped the workers to make concrete, I was returned to the job of stone-cutter in a bomb shelter. Here work is not too heavy because we are under little surveillance, and we can talk to the Frenchmen. They are, generally, very good people. One of them, Rodriguez, is a real rascal, but still an agreeable person. I caused Di Tullio to sell this Frenchman his Navy pants in exchange for a pair of French Army pants, plus seven kilos of bread and 300 grams of meat. I have sold my tobacco allowance for bread and sugar. Germans do not want tobacco and chocolate. A Frenchman tells me that for a chocolate bar one can kiss a woman.

250 grams of chocolate are paid up to 35 marks. Englishmen do not work because they receive a parcel each week. I thought that in Germany the black market did not exist, but it does and it is well organized.
There is a rumor of an intense bombing over Berlin, with fifty thousand casualties. The Austrians are very happy because they see in the end of Germany the beginning of a new era: that of their own freedom. It never changes: "mors tua, vita mea ["your death is my life "].

November 25-28

I wrote home on the 26th. Four days!. Why I am so neglecting my diary? Lack of events, and laziness, that's why. Yes, laziness of body and mind; in fact I am not willing to think any longer, and, because "memoria minuitur nisi eam exerceas" [ the memory is reduced if it is not exercised], I am worried. It is because my job, or better, my profession requires good memory. > Now I see why manual labour is preferable to the mental one: I would be quite content here, if it were not for the thought of my family.

Freedom? We lost it twenty years ago. Also, what did I do in Frosolone and in Rome if not locking myself in my room and study? Here instead during the day I go out to work (this verb on my lips is a desecration) and in the evening I return to my barrack, hoping that the cook sends us full kettles.
The food is good, except the eternally present potatoes: they are the national staple, especially during wars. The food is also varied; every once in a while they give us some dessert, spaghetti, roast meat, some stew. At times I couldn't say I am a prisoner.
Even though I curse Hitler, I must thank him for having so organized Germany, as to be able to feed so many, so well.
The Austrians cannot stand him ,however. They think back to their former freedom, and wait, wait as we do and so many thousands, millions more wretches do. With me a Polish man works; he is the portrait of his unlucky people. Thin, low in stature, almost dumb and moreover poorly dressed. Poor man!. He was caught in his home while sleeping, taken to Germany where he must work. How I pity him!
Yesterday November 27th with four more I went to throw garbage into the Galzac river. The boss saw me and Di Tullio skimping in our work; he wanted us to remain and unload coal, while letting the others go. At the beginning we refused, but then we did a little work up to five. Going back to camp, we took to the sidewalk, but he compelled us to walk on the pavement. Poor vengeance of an imbecile!
When we were near the gate, Di Tullio said: it must come to an end, then so many kicks in the ass...My God, what a bedlam ensued. The boss understood "vaffanculo" [ a kind of swear word] and told the soldier that we had insulted him. The following day, 28th, there has been a kind of a third degree. I tried to convince the corporal otherwise, giving him a version quite favourable to us.
On the 28th we have received another postcard to write home. Will they believe me I have written so many. Will this card arrive ?. This is one of those cases where the truth may not be believed!. They may think that I am now very hungry. Instead I am gaining weight. At times I have to lay down on my bed.

November 29-30 and December 1-2-3

Going back to that guy who wanted us to do more work, I said: small vengeance of an imbecile!

His vengeance did not stop there: in fact Di Tullio has been thrown out of the factory. He now works outdoors. Whether under snow or rain, here one must keep working.. When it's snowing, I think instead of my home, of my fireplace and, most of all, that I would then still be in bed.
Jovine and I are unique at work. If everybody produced as much as we do, Germany would have lost the war long ago.
In the meantime December has started and Christmas is getting closer. Christmas! How will my family pass it? [I can tell; I was there on furlough: sighing about John, whose fate was unknown]
This evening, December 3, I have read about Teheran's meeting Are the English about to launch their final attack? Let's hope so.

December 4-5-6

Truly meaningless days. First and foremost, we have great faith in the promised bombing raids. Is their effect going to open the Germans' thick skull? They say the terms of an ultimatum will expire at Christmas. If it is not accepted, 50 cities will be razed to the ground. Everyone enjoys to hear such news.

A soldier even told us that the Russians have reached German soil, but this is false. Camp radio, here at Hallein, does not work well. I know, because the Frenchmen give me their paper almost every evening, and so I can read the official (German) bulletin, although it cannot be much trusted.
Intense cold is not here yet. At work there is a lady, owner of a restaurant, who every once in a while, gives us some cafe'-au-lait, for money. All summed up, we are not really in bad shape here.

December 7-8

On December 7 I have seen, around 11 a.m., a number of people, into formation, in the factory's yard. For the most part they are civilian Frenchmen, but there are also Italians and a few Polish. There are also German policemen, and some representatives of the well known Gestapo. One of these, dressed all in black, a really grim face, is totally like those people's commissioners we used to see in propaganda movies. I am thinking it would not be healthy to be in his clutches.

What happened? Apparently they complained about the food and in protest they refused to go to work. The lager chief phoned the police and in the end some twenty people were sent to jail.
The following day I went to Puck on the truck, to load stone. My work is always the same, more or less: pick, shovel, wheelbarrow, stones, stone-cutter chisel.
I talk to Jovine about parcels, because in a few days we shall receive forms to get parcels from home. They say also that the population of Hallein will donate parcels to us prisoners for Christmas. How is it possible, if they themselves are short of food!
In the evening they paid us our wages. I have earned in 17 days the princely sum of 24 marks, that is something like 10 liras. In Italy I used to earn in the same number of days 1600 liras!!
The corporal has warned us not to steal any more potatoes. Now our suffering will begin!
Someone has received mail from home. My hair stand on end, when I think of the devious route my card has to go through.
On December 8 still nothing new, except that a woman gave me some bread. There are still some compassionate people in this world!
What a difference with last year's conditions! Then, wearing a very nice pair of pants, good shoes and my wonderful checkered jacket I would have gone to Mass, then to teach for an hour. At noon I would have eaten quite well. Here instead I am, shovel in my hand, under the falling snow, thinking of my far away home, of my family, of my past life.
Only now I can appreciate the goodness of my house, and the exquisite taste of my mother's cuisine.
Jovine and I plan the meal we shall have, by ourselves. It will be based on potatoes. I am used by now to stand rain, snow, and wind: luckily I have not had a cold so far. In the evening we enjoy the warmth of our barrack. Ah, could we always stay in this barrack!

December 9-10-11

The Frenchmen, residents of the next barrack, every day bring us some potatoes or something else, that is part of their chow. To thank them, we have bought four cases of beer and gave it to them. I was selected to be an interpreter, to convince them to accept our gift.

Our work productivity has been steadily going down. I will never be able to say that I worked hard in Germany. Our boss too, who otherwise is such a good man, complained through our team leader, a sergeant major, whose name is Pavesi. This chap is an ignorant man, town-hall usher by profession, haughty, and once again, an ignorant man. He doesn't understand a word of German, yet he wants to explain to us what the boss says. He does no work himself, but pushes other to work. The boss says: "langsim" and he wants us to work faster. Truly he is a disaster. The poor usher is beyond himself thinking he can issue orders. So, let's let him issue orders.
I take this opportunity to fill up on beer. In Italy I never really wanted that, but here I can do it. To tell the truth, I could have gladly done without.
On the 11th they gave us the forms for parcels from home, plus some cigarettes.

December 12-13-14

Nothing new to report. The type of work is unchanged: shovel, wheelbarrow, or go to the train station to unload a car or two.

I always think of home, but some merriment is not lacking. My morale is high, because a secret premonition tells me that the end of this war is not too far away. Camp radio has said that the English now would be in Milan, and that the Italian fleet will be sent to fight the Japanese.

December 15-16

Nice weather, but the temperature is quite low. The thermometer in the morning marks already six or seven Celsius below zero. Even at noon the sun cannot warm us up. It is a northern sun, devoid of colour and warmth.

In the morning the reveille at 6 is somewhat painful. Then I think of home, see a calendar with the heading "Sweet Home" and then I begin to understand the beauty of my house.
The work is unchanging: prepare the loam, or do some shoveling or carry rails for the track.
Camp radio has announced a landing in France ( this is unconfirmed) and the bombing of Innsbruck.

December 17-18

Nothing new. My laziness is somewhat responsible. They passed another review, but this time they didn't take away anything. I got something instead: a flannel shirt and a pair of shorts, which, incidentally said, carried lice eggs.

I also got another form for a parcel and a postcard to send home. Will my family send me what I keep asking? I hope so, because it is my belief that the war left them untouched. [This was largely true]
Read more, on the 3rd instalment.

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