Erik Erikson (1963)

Stages of Psycho-social development through Challenges.

Erik Erikson's theories on the social development of a child - building from Freud's theories - have helped psychologist track a potential problem thread. He observed the mind's development within the context of social structures, and the child's efforts to become a member of the social group. These theories focus on the mind's growing awareness of its context within the environment. It also helps developmental specialists prepare for some of the awkward moments in a person's life. This is a digest of Erikson's theories on psychosocial development in a person's life. A Theory is just that, a model to build from. It is the tutor who decides how to apply the theory.

Stage	Challenge
Neonatal	Trust vs. Mistrust.
Toddlers	Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt.
Preschool	Initiative vs. guilt.
School age	Competence (industry) vs. inferiority.
Adolescence	Search for identity vs. Role confusion.
Young adulthood	Intimacy (love & friendship) vs. Isolation (loneliness).
Grown-ups	Generativity (caring for the next generation) vs. Stagnation.
Old age	Integrity vs. Despair.