`Sec. 228. Failure to pay legal child
    support obligations 
    
    `(a) OFFENSE- Any person who--
    
    `(1) willfully fails to pay a support obligation with respect
    to a child who resides in another State, if such obligation
    has 
    remained unpaid for a period longer than 1
    year, or is greater than $5,000;
    
    `(2) travels in interstate or foreign commerce with the
    intent to evade a support obligation, if such obligation has
    
    remained unpaid for a period longer than 1
    year, or is greater than $5,000; or
    
    `(3) willfully fails to pay a support obligation with respect
    to a child who resides in another State, if such obligation
    has 
    remained unpaid for a period longer than 2
    years, or is greater than $10,000;
    shall be punished as provided in subsection (c).
    
    `(b) PRESUMPTION- The existence of a support
    obligation that was in effect for the time period charged in
    the indictment 
    or information creates a rebuttable
    presumption that the obligor has the ability to pay the
    support obligation for that time 
    period.
    
    `(c) PUNISHMENT- The punishment for an
    offense under this section is--
    
    `(1) in the case of a first offense under subsection (a)(1),
    a fine under this title, imprisonment for not more than 6
    months, or
    both; and
    
    `(2) in the case of an offense under paragraph (2) or (3) of
    subsection (a), or a second or subsequent offense under
    
    subsection (a)(1), a fine under this title,
    imprisonment for not more than 2 years, or both.
    
    `(d) MANDATORY RESTITUTION- Upon a
    conviction under this section, the court shall order
    restitution under section 
    3663A in an amount equal to the total unpaid
    support obligation as it exists at the time of sentencing.
    
    `(e) VENUE- With respect to an offense under
    this section, an action may be inquired of and prosecuted in
    a district court of 
    the United States for--
    
    `(1) the district in which the child who is the subject of
    the support obligation involved resided during a period
    during 
    which a person described in subsection (a)
    (referred to in this subsection as an `obliger') failed to
    meet that support
    obligation;
    
    `(2) the district in which the obliger resided during a
    period described in paragraph (1); or
    
    `(3) any other district with jurisdiction otherwise provided
    for by law.
    
    `(f) DEFINITIONS- As used in this section-- 
    
    `(1) the term `Indian tribe' has the meaning given that term
    in section 102 of the Federally Recognized Indian Tribe
    List 
    Act of 1994 (25 U.S.C. 479a);
    
    `(2) the term `State' includes any State of the United
    States, the District of Columbia, and any commonwealth,
    
    territory, or possession of the United States;
    and
    
    `(3) the term `support obligation' means any amount
    determined under a court order or an order of an
    administrative 
    process pursuant to the law of a State or of
    an Indian tribe to be due from a person for the support and
    maintenance 
    of a child or of a child and the parent with
    whom the child is living.'.
    
    Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
    
    Vice President of the United States and 
    
    President of the Senate.