Proposed
UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS, HUMAN RIGHTS AND PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITIES
(Based on UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS, United Nations General Assembly resolution 217 A (III) of December 10, 1948)
(Drafted on October 11, 2001. Last updated on July 30, 2005)

自然环境、人身权利、个人责任普遍宣言提案
(基于联合国大会一九四八年十二月十日第217A(III)号决议通过并颁布的世界人权 宣言)

(起草2001年10月11日。上次修改于2005年7月30日)

Article 1.

All human beings are born free, independent and equal with identities, sameness, similarities and differences. They are endowed with dignity, conscience and reason; and certain unalienable Rights and Responsibilities, among which are Natural Environments, Natural Diversities, Birth Citizenship, Loving, Living, Birth Planning, Work-Service-Income, Planning-Comparison, Health-Safety, Clothing-Food, Residence-Walk-Travel, Liberty, Communications, Exchange-Trade, Sincerity-Openness, Study-Education, Culture-Thinking-Morality-Ethics, Science-Technology, Laws, Justice-Impartiality, Democracy, Equality, Non-Discrimination, Freedoms, Independence, Peace, Facts-Truth, Faithes, Responsibilities, Mutual Help-Cooperation-Sharing, United Generations, Rotational Governments, Rotational Organizations, Social Insurance-Security-Welfare, National Defense, Rotational Leadership, Public and Governmental Services and Private-Collective-Public Ownership; and should act towards one another in the spirit of siblinghood and Yi Shi Zu Pu.

(1) The word "Dignity" means self-respect, sense of self-importance and respect for others.

(2) The word "Reason" means to rely on facts and truth, and think in the best long term individual, collective and public interests.

(3) The word "Conscience" means the desire to be the best, and always hope to act in the best and long term individual, collective and public interests.

(4) The phrase "Natural Environments" means the respect for the laws of Nature, Nature preservation and conservation, protection, beautification, careful use, reuse, recycle, renewal and restoration. The most important tasks are the protection of trees, forest and wildlife as well as the planting and cultivation of forest, trees, shrubs, vines, grass and other vegetation.

(5) The word "Natural Diversities" means to recognize that there are diversified life forms and things in the natural environments and that their preservations are very important to maintain a healthy ecosystem.

(6) The phrase "Birth Citizenship" means that every person has the birth right to the citizenship of the country of birth. Everyone may have one nationality or multiple nationalities or citizenships.

(7) The word "Loving" means mutual care, help and support between spouses and among family members, neighbors, relatives and friends, and other members of the society. It also includes forgiveness.

(8) The word "Living" means to live happily with the hope of immortality; safety measures are to be taken to protect life; no limit is set for human life-span and a person's life is not to be terminated against the person's will. Every person should have the opportunity to live in and experience varied living environments.

(9) The phrase "Birth Planning" means to plan the birth rate according to the amount of population that the natural resources can support. Everyone has the responsibility to practice birth control.

(10) The phrase "Work-Service-Income" means physical and intellectual work that a person is competent with on the basis of the person's ability, education and experience, for the living and long term benefit of people. Work and service may result in direct consumerable products or spiritual satisfaction. Otherwise, fair compensation should be provided for the work performed and the principles of "fair market value" and "equal pay for equal work" should be followed as much as possible. Everyone should create and seek opportunities to practise life time working and service. Rotationary, part-time and multitasking work-service systems should be adopted so that everyone has the opportunity to do varied physical and intellectual works.

(11) The phrase "Planning-Comparison" means to write, draw, calculate and compare alternatives before doing things or actions.

(12) The phrase "Health-Safety" means to prevent and treat physical and mental injury and sickness.

(13) The phrase "Clothing-Food" means sufficient clothes to keep warm or cool, and sufficient and nutritionally balanced food.

(14) The phrase "Residence-Walk-Travel" means a safe place to sleep and stay as well as the corresponding road to walk for daily life, learning and work. Those who are unable to walk should be provided with vehicles to travel on the walking road. Short and long distance travel which aims at promoting health, learning, friendship or cooperation should be available for everyone. In transportation, no income or low income people may wait on stand-by to travel at low cost or for free.

(15) The word "Liberty" means material, spiritual, health and environmental wellbeing; tolerance, giving and generosity, and to ensure freedoms and help others to be free. A typical example is the elimination of oppression and persecution.

(16) The word "Communications" means that concerned parties choose appropriate times or set fixed intervals to talk in person or on the telephone, and exchange in writing, etc., so as to achieve coexistence and mutual support and benefits.

(17) The phrase "Exchange-Trade" means that natural resources are different from one place to another, and products and intellectual properties are different from place to place and from people to people, and the exchange and trading of different products and services can ensure living and happiness for all.

(18) The phrase "Sincerity-Openness" means talking directly and clearly, open door policy for work and service activities, and acceptance of public opinions, support and supervision.

(19) The phrase "Study-Education" means that thirteen years of continuous, tuition free, mandatory and full time education is provided by the governments without discrimination. Three additional years of tuition free and mandatory education is provided and these three years may be calculated continuously or accumulated over more years. There is a wealth of knowledge in the world. Everyone should create and seek opportunities to practise life time studying and teaching.

(20) The phrase "Culture-Thinking-Ethics" includes literacy-culture, arts, physical culture-sports, knowledge, logic-reasoning, wisdom, Morality, etc.. There is a vast accumulation of knowledge worldwide throughout the thousands of years of human history. In working and living, everyone should learn, apply and verify, keep, spread and create knowledge.

(21) The phrase "Science-Technology" means the learning, application and searching of the laws of Nature, society and person.

(22) The word "Laws" means itemlized rules that are written under the guidance of dignity, reason, conscience, and historic experience; and they are for the best and long term individual, collective and public interests, are acceptable to everyone, and have been accepted by democratic procedures.

(23) The phrase "Justice-Impartiality" means upholding and implementing the law without prejudice and discrimination.

(24) The word "Democracy" means that everyone should act in the best and long term individual, collective and public interests in patience and diplomacy, and that a government is of the people, from the people, by the people, for the people, among the people and serves everyone. The will of the people shall be the basis of authority of a government; this shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.

(25) The word "Equality" means that all individuals are equal in dignity and rights. In terms of dignity, rights, responsibilities and leadership, all persons and legal persons are free, independent and equal with identities, sameness, similarities and differences regardless of whether they be individuals, groups, associations, companies, organizations, governments, nations or countries. The equality of men and women is a typical example. In the determination of equality, a person should take into consideration of the human, material, intellectual, time and monetary wealth etc. that is owned and shared.

(26) The phrase "Non-discrimination" means that all persons are equal before the law; within certain lawfully defined limits, all persons are equally subject to the same regulations and disciplines; and no one may be mal-treated, put in difficulties, humimiated or insulted.

(27) The word "Freedoms" include freedoms of Living, Residence, Migration, Choice, Belief-Religion, Opinions-Speech, Media-Press-Print, Poster-Notice-Distribution, Expression-Demonstration, Association-Organization, Assembly, Petition, Work, Transportation, Communication, Information, Education-Study, Marriage, Separation, Divorce, Asylum, One or Multiple Citizenships, and Ownership, etc..

(28) The word "Independence" means to create conditions to enable independent thinking, living, working and decision making for all individuals. Every person should try to be one's own best and set examples for others. Adults of and over the age of twenty should achieve economic independence. Organizations, nations and countries should achieve self-government and self-determination. Individuals are the most basic unit of a society.

(29) The word "Peace" means resolving disputes in patience and diplomacy as well as moderation in drinking and eating to maintain good health and non-extravagancy.

(30) The word "Facts-Truth" means to be honest, tell the truth, present the facts, and seek truth from facts.

(31) The word "Faithes" means to hope for a promising future; persevere in, advocate, promote and uphold justice and fairness; correct mistakes; being loyal towards others and belief in the truths regardless religious denominations.

(32) The word "Responsibility" means to perform each and every work or service earnestly and enjoy the results and bear the consequences thereof.

(33) The phrase "Mutual Help-Cooperation-Sharing" means helping and supporting one another or working together, and the common enjoyment or use of limited public, collective or private natural resources, material and intellectual properties or facilities.

(34) The phrase "United Generations" means the mutual care and support without distinction of age, generation and other personal characteristics. The interests of future generations are to be considered in the use and preservation of natural resources as well as in industrialization and agriculture.

(35) The phrase "Rotational Governments" means that a government is the organization of all the people of a certain region. Government employees are selected by popular elections, examinations and/or evaluations. Government expenses and employee salaries are mainly funded by tax revenues. The governments may engage in limited economic activities to obtain supplementary funding and as a comparison to the economic activities of individuals and organizations. The governments may also participate in the community and public activities of individuals and organizations, or join the economic activities of individuals and organizations as share holders. The governments should strive to be their own best by improving services and efficiency. The governments should implement rotational, flow, part time and volunteer work-service systems to ensure that the government servants are of the people, from the people, by the people, for the people, among the people, serve everyone and will go back to the people. Every person in a life time can have the opportunity to work in or for the governments. The governments should ensure equality, liberty, freedoms, justice, openess and other rights and responsibilities for everyone; issue monetary instruments; manage the compulsory educations; manage weapons technologies and productions; administer the armed forces; administer social insurance, security and welfare; and help people in difficult circumstances. All persons at the age of fifteen and over have the right and responsibility to vote or be voted on in government elections in the country where the person lives permanently or temporarily. The governments should set the best examples for the society.

(36) The phrase "Rotational Organizations" means associations or companies that are organized by a group of individuals for various purposes of communication, fellowship, friendship, religion, education, training, products, and services etc.. Organizations are more diversified than the governments. The management and administration of an organization should set and follow standards similar to the governments and individuals. Organizations should strive to be their own best. An organization should implement rotational work-service systems for all employees to know the business of the organization. An organization should also implement rotational leadership systems for provide the opportunity for every employee to be in a leadership position sooner or later. An organization should implement part time and volunteer work-service and leadership systems to allow for the participation of outside people.

(37) The phrase "Insurance-Security-Welfare" means insurance coverage for unemployment, loss, illness, injury and disability to help achieve self-reliance, self-sufficiency and the ability to work. If a person does not have sufficient income, the insurance premiums should be waived and the governments should provide monetary, credit and other assistance for the person to have the freedom to obtain basic living conditions such as clothing, meal, shelter, sleep and travel, and to participate in working, training, education, literary, cultural and artistic activities.

(38) The phrase "National Defense" means to protect and defend existing national borders against invasion and to ensure peace between countries.

(39) The phrase "Rotational Leadership" means to be in a leadership job-post-duty, a authority position or with capability to gather opinions, take initiatives to rally others, and to propose or make decisions in order to serve the best and long term individual, collective and public interests. Various leadership rotational systems should be implemented so that continuity is maintained and everyone has the opportunity sooner or later to be in a leadership position.

(40) The phrase "Public and Governmental Services" means to serve the people with work, service, material and intellectual properties with or without compensation either individually or with organizations. It includes governmental public services, i.e., working part-time or full-time for or in the governments to serve the public interests.

(41) The phrase "Private-Collective-Public Properties" means individuals and families have the freedom of property ownership; and that collectives, the governments and the people own, manage or use certain forest, water and land resources as well as other material and intellectual properties.

第一条

人人生而自由、独立、平等并有一样、相同、相似和不同之处，他们赋有尊严、良心、理性和一些不可分割的权利和责任；其中包括自然环境、自然多种多样、出生公民权、爱心、生活、计划生育、工作-服务-收入、比较-计划、健康-安全、衣食、住行、解放、通讯、交换-贸易、诚恳-开放、学习-教育、文体-思想-道德、科技、法律、正义-公正、民主、平等、不歧视、自由、独立、和平、笃实、诚信、负责、互助-合作-共享、代联、转流政府、转流组织、保险-保安-福利、国防、转复领导、公务、私有-集有-公共； 应当以同胞和易氏族谱的精神互相对待。

(1) 尊严即自尊、自重和敬人。

(2) 理性即以事实和真理为依据，为个人、集体和大众的最好长远利益着想。

(3) 良心即有最好的愿望，总是为个人、集体和大众的最好长远利益而办事。

(4) 自然环境即尊重自然规律，自然保留、保护、美化、小心使用、重复使用、回收使用、复新和恢复。其中，最重要的任务是保护树木，森林和野生动物，以及种培植森林、树木、灌木、藤树、草和其它植被。

(5) 自然多种多样即认识到自然界中存在各种各样不同的生物和事物，其保留对于保持健康的生态环境极为重要。

(6) 出生公民权即每个人天生赋有出生地国家的公民权。每个人都可以获得一国或多国国籍。

(7)爱心即夫妻、家邻、亲朋、社会人员之间的互相爱护和帮助；

(8) 生活即追求幸福以求永生；采取安全措施来保护生命；人的寿命不得设定限度；他人不得违背当事人的意愿而剥夺其生命。

(9) 计划生育即根据自然资源所能支持的人口数量，来计划出生率。每个人都有责任实行生育控制。

(10) 工作-服务-收入即从事凭自己能力，学历和经验能够胜任的脑力和体力劳动或服务，有利于人的生存和长远利益。劳动或服务可能直接为自己产生消费品或精神满足。否则，劳动或服务应有合理的补偿，尽量遵循“市场公平价格”和“同工同酬”的原则。每个人都应当创造或寻找机会，促进终生工作和服务。应当采用轮动，零时和多种任务工作服务制度，使得每个人都有机会从事多种多样的体力和脑力劳动。

(11)比较计划即在做事情或行动之前，预先进行书写、画图、计算和方案选择比较。

(12) 健康-安全即身体和精神伤害与疾病的预防和治疗。

(13) 衣食即足够保暖或凉爽的衣服和营养平衡的食品。

(14) 住行即安全的住宿以及日常生活，学习和工作所需要的行走路径。如果不能行走，应提供 能在行走路径上运行的交通工具。人人都能参加以增进健康、学习、友好与合作等为目的的短途或长途旅行。在运输方面，无收入或低收入的人应当可以等待缺位，低费或免费而旅行。

(15) 解放即物质、精神、身体和环境上的良好，宽容、给予、大方，保障自由和扶助他人获得自由。一个典型的例子是消灭压迫和迫害。

(16) 通讯即有关各方在适当时候或定期对面交谈或电话交谈、或者用文字交流等等，以达到共存和互助互利的目的。

(17)交换-贸易即不同地方的自然资源不同，不同地方和人的产品和知识财富不同；互通有无能够保障大家的生存和幸福。

(18) 诚恳-开放即谈话话直接明了，工作或服务活动公开，接受外来意见、支持和监督。

(19) 学习-教育即国家没有任何歧视，提供十三年连续、免学费、义务、全日教育。另加三年免学费义务教育。后三年可以全日连续计算，也可以在更多年积累而成。世界知识广博，每个人都应当创造机会，促进终生学习和教导。

(20)文体-思想-道德包括文化、艺术、体育、知识、逻辑思维、智慧、德育等。全球范围的人类在数千年中积累了巨大的文化思想财富；每个人都应当在工作和生活中学习、运用、验证、保存、传播和创造知识。 (21) 科技即学习、运用和探索自然、社会和人的规律。

(22) 法律即在尊严、良心和理性的指导下，总结历史经验，以个人、集体和公众的最好和长远利益为目标而制定的，能被每个人所接受的，已经通过民主制度而通过的行为规范条文。

(23)正义和公正即不偏不倚地坚持和执行法律。

(24) 民主即每一个人应当耐心地采用外交手段为个人、集体和大众的最好长远利益而工作；各级政府属于人民，从人民中来，由人民选举，为人民服务，在人民中间，造福每一个人。 人民的意志是政府政权的基础；这一意志应以定期的、真正的、普遍平等的选举予以表现， 选举应以不记名投票或其它等同的自由投票程序进行。

(25) 平等指的是所有个人在尊严和权利上平等。在尊严、权利、责任和领导方面，所有人和法人，不论是个人、小组、协会、公司、团体、政府、民族或国家，一律自由、独立、平等并有一样、相同、相似和不同之处。男女平等是一个典型的例子。在判断平等时，应当充份考虑到个人拥有的和共有的人力、物质、精神、时间、金钱等财富。

(26) 不歧视即法律面前人人平等；在某些法定适用区限内，人人受同等的法规和纪律的约束。不能有选择性地歧视、刁难、污辱或欺压任何人。

(27) 自由包括生活、居住、迁居、选择、信仰-宗教、意见-发言、新闻媒介-出版-印刷、张贴-告示-发行、表达-演示-示威、联谊-组织、集会、请愿、工作、交通、通讯、信息、教育-学习、结婚、分居、离婚、避难、一国或多国国籍、所有制等自由。

(28) 独立即创造条件，使得每个人能够独立思想、生活、工作和做出决定。每一个人都应当达到自我最好，为他人树立榜样。年满二十岁的成人应当在经济上独立。团体、民族和国家应当自我管理和自做决定。个人是社会的最基本单元。

(29) 和平即以耐心与磋商来解决争端，饮食适当以保健康，不浪费。

(30) 笃实即诚实，说真话，摆事实，实事求是。

(31) 诚信即对美好的前景有信心，坚持、传扬、促进和维护正义和公正，纠正错误，对人忠诚，坚信不分宗教信仰的真理。

(32) 负责即认真地做好每件工作和服务，并享受其结果和承担其后果。

(33) 互助-合作-共享即互相支持和帮助或共同工作，以便共同享受或使用有限的公有、共同或私有的自然资源、物质与精神财富或设施。

(34) 代联即不论年龄和辈分或其它个人特徵，互相爱护和支持；在自然资源的使用和保护以及工农业发展方面，为人类的未来着想。

(35)转流政府即各级政府是某一地域所有人的组织。各级政府工作人员通过人民选举、考试和/或评定选拔。各级政府费用和雇员工资主要从税收中来。各级政府可以从事有限的经济活动，以获得附加政府经费以及与个人和集体的经济活动比较。各级政府还可以参加个人和集体的事业活动，或以入股的形式参与个人和集体的经济活动。各级政府应当力争自我最好，提高服务质量和工作效率，降低行政费用。各级政府应当推行转流、零时和义务工作-服务体制，以保证公务员服从于人民，从人民中来，由人民选举和/或聘任，为了人民，在人民中间，为每一个人服务，将回到人民中去。每一个人在一生中都应当有机会在各级政府部门工作或为政府工作。各级政府应当保证每个人的平等、解放、自由、正义、开放和其它权利和责任，发行金钱币，管理全民义务教育，管理武器技术和生产，指挥管理武装力量，执行社会保险和福利，帮助处于困境的人。所有年龄在十五岁以上的人在永久或临时居留国各级政府选举中有选举和被选举权利和责任。各级政府应当为社会树立最好的榜样。

(36)转流组织即多个人组织成立协会或公司以达到交际、同学、友谊、宗教、教育、培训、产品、服务等等目的。组织比各级政府更加多种多样。组织的管理和运行应当建立和遵循比政府和个人更好或类似的标准。各级政府应当力争自我最好。组织应当推行转流工作-服务体制以便使所有雇员都熟悉其商务。组织应当推行转复领导体制以便使每一个雇员都有机会迟早走上领导岗位。组织应当推行零时和义务工作、服务、领导体制以便让外面的人参与其业务。

(37) 保险-保安-福利即在保证在失业、损失、疾病、受伤和伤残的情况下能够得到帮助，以获得自立、自足和劳动能力。如果一个人没有足够的收入，应当免去保险费用，各级政府应当给予适当现金、信用和其它补助，使之能够自由获得基本生活条件，例如：衣、餐、住、睡、行，能够参加工作、培训、教育、文学、文化和艺术活动。

(38) 国防即保护和防卫现有国家边界，以免遭受侵略；保证国际和平。

(39) 转流领导即处于领导职位、权威地位或具备能力，征集意见，主动地团结他人，提议或做出决定，以谋求个人、集体和公众的最好和长远利益。应当推行多种转流领导体制，在保证连续性的条件下，使得每个人迟早都有机会走上领导岗位。

(40) 公务即个人或参与集体以劳动、服务、物质与精神财富来有偿或无偿地为人民服务。它包括各级政府公务，即零时或全日为或在政府和其它团体工作，为大众服务。

(41) 私有-公共即个人和家庭有拥有财产的自由；集体、各级政府或人民拥有、管理、使用某些森林、水和土地资源以及其它物质和精神财富。

Article 2.

Everyone is entitled to all the rights, and responsibilities set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind such as physical, cultural and social characteristics. Physical characteristics include race, skin colour, hair colour, eye shape and colour, sex, sexual orientation, disability, appearance, stature, odour, etc..Cultural characteristics include language, dialect, accent, religion, belief, political and other opinions, education and diploma, occupation and profession, etc.. Social characteristics include national or class origin, age, place of birth, marital status, authority and leadership position, material wealth, etc...

第二条

人人有资格享有本宣言所载的一切权利和责任，不分人的身体、文化、 社会等特徵的差别。身体特徵包括种族、肤色、头发颜色、眼睛形状与颜色、性别、性定向、残疾、相貌、身材、气味，等等。文化特徵包括语言、方言、口音、宗教、信仰 、政治和其它见解、教育和文凭、行业和职业，等等。社会特徵包括国家或阶级 出身、年龄、出生地、婚姻状况、权威和领导地位、物质财富，等等。

Article 3.

Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.

第 三 条

人人有权享有生命、宽厚 和人身安全。

Article 4.

No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.

第 四 条

任何人不得使为奴隶或奴役; 禁止一切形式的奴隶制度和奴隶买卖。

Article 5.

No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

第 五 条

对任何人不得加以酷刑, 或施以残忍的、 不人道的或侮辱性的 手 段 或刑罚。

Article 6.

Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.

第 六 条

无论何时何地，人人在法律面前有享受法人资格的权利。

Article 7.

All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.

第 七 条

法律之前人人平等, 并有权享受法律的平等保护, 不受任何歧视。 人人有权享受 本 宣言的平等保护, 不受任何歧视。

Article 8.

Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.

第 八 条

任何人当宪法或法律所赋予他的基本权利遭受侵害时, 有权由合格的国家法庭对这种侵 害行为作有效的补救。

Article 9.

No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.

第 九 条

任何人不得加以任意逮捕、拘禁或放逐。

Article 10.

Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.

第 十 条

在确定其权利与义务，刑事犯罪与否时，人人完全平等地有权由一个独立而无偏 倚的法庭进行公正而公开的审讯。

Article 11.

(1) Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.
(2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.

第 十 一 条

(1) 凡受刑事控告者, 有权被视为无罪，除非该人在经公开审判和充份的辩护后，被依 法证实有罪。
(2) 任何人的任何行为或不行为, 依其发生时的国家法或国际法均不构成刑事 罪者, 不得被判为犯有刑事罪。刑罚不得重于犯罪时适用的法律规定。

Article 12.

No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.

第 十 二 条

任何人的私生活、家庭、 住宅和通信不得任意干涉；不得攻击其荣誉和 名誉 。 人人有权享受法律保护, 免受这种干涉或攻击。

Article 13.

(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state.
(2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.

第 十 三 条

(1) 人人在其国境内有权自由迁徙和居住。
(2) 人人有权离开任何国家, 包括其本国在内, 并有权返回其的国家。

Article 14.

(1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries' asylum from persecution.
(2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.

第 十 四 条

(1) 人人有权向其他国家寻求和享受庇护以避免迫害。
(2) 该权利不包括确定的非政治性的罪行，或违背联合国宗旨和原则的行为。

Article 15.

(1) Everyone has the right to a nationality or multiple nationalities.
(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his or her nationalities nor denied the right to change his or her nationalities.

第十五条

Article 16.

(1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights and responsibility as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
(2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the two intending spouses.
(3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the state.

第十六条

Article 17.

(1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.
(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.

第 十 七 条

(1) 人人有权单独地拥有财产以及同他人联合拥有财产。
(2) 任何人的财产不得任意剥夺。

Article 18.

Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.

第 十 八 条

人人有权享受思 想、 良心和宗教自由; 这包括改变他的宗教或信仰的自由, 还包括 单独或集体，公开或秘密地以教义、 实 践、礼拜和戒律来表示他的宗教或信仰的自由。

Article 19.

Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.

第 十 九 条

人人有权享有主张和发表意见的自由; 此项权利包括持有主张而不受干涉的自由, 还包括 通过任何媒介和不论国界寻求、接受和传递消息和思想的自由。

Article 20.

(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
(2) No one may be compelled to belong to an association.

第 二 十 条

(1) 人人有权享有和平集会和结社的自由。
(2) 任何人不得迫使隶属于某一团体。

Article 21.

(1) Governments are from the people, by the people, for the people, among the people and benefit everyone.
(2) Everyone has the right to take part and have responsibility in home, business and government in the country where the person resides.
(3) Everyone has the right to equal access to services provided to the public.
(4) The will of the people shall be the basis of authority of government; this shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.

第二十一条

Article 22.

Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.

第 二 十 二 条

每个人, 作为社会的一员, 有权享受社会保障, 并有权享受其个人尊严和人格的自 由发展所必需的经济、社会和文化果实。 各种权利的实痕7b赖于国家的努力，国际合作和本国的 人力和自然资源 。

Article 23.

(1) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, and to just and favourable conditions of work.
(2) Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.
(3) Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.
(4) Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.

第 二 十 三 条

(1) 人人有权工作、自由选择职业、享受公正和合适的工作条件。
(2) 人人有同工同酬的权利, 不受任何歧视。
(3) 每一个工作的人, 有权享受公正和合适的报酬, 保证使他本人和家属有一个符合人的 尊严 的生活条件, 必要时并辅以其他方式的社会保障。
(4) 人人有为维护其利益而组织和参加工会的权利。

Article 24.

Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays.

第 二 十 四 条

人人有享有休息和闲暇的权利, 包括工作时间有合理限制和节假日。

Article 25.

(1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.
(2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.

第 二 十 五 条

(1) 人人有权享受为维持他本人和家属的健康和福利所需的生活水准, 包括食物、 衣着、 住房、 医疗和必要的社会服务; 在遭到失业、疾病、 残废、守寡、衰老或在其他不能控制的情况下丧 失谋生能力时, 有权享受保障。
(2) 母亲和儿童有权享受特别照顾和协助。 一 切儿童, 无论婚生或非婚生, 都应享受同样的社 会保护。

Article 26.

(1) Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.
(2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.
(3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.

第 二 十 六 条

(1) 人人都有受教育的权利, 教育应当免费, 至少在初级和基本阶段应如此。初级教育应属义务 性质。 技术和职业教育应普遍设立。高等教育应根据成绩而对一切人平等开放。
(2) 教育的目的在于充份发展人的个性并加强对人权和基本自由的尊重。 教育应促进各国、各 种族或各宗教集团间的了解、容忍和友谊, 并应促进联合国维护和平的各项活动。
(3) 父母对其子女所应受的教育的种类, 有优先选择的权利。

Article 27.

(1) Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.
(2) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.

第 二 十 七 条

(1) 人人有权自由参加社会的文化生活, 享受艺术, 并分享科学进步及其产生的福利。
(2) 人人对由于他所创作的任何科学、文学或美术作品而产生的精神的和物质的利益, 有享 受保护的权利。

Article 28.

Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.

第 二 十 八 条

人人有权要求一种社会的和国际的秩序, 在这种秩序中, 本宣言所载的权利和自由能获得 充份实现。

Article 29.

(1) Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible.
(2) In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.
(3) These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.

第 二 十 九 条

(1) 人人对社会负有义务, 因为只有在社会中他的个性才可能得到自由和充份的发展。
(2) 人人在行使他的权利和自由时, 只受法律所确定的限制, 确定此种限制的唯一目的在于保证 对旁人的权利和自由给予应有的承认和尊重, 并满足在一个民主的社会中对道 德、公共秩序和普遍福利的正当需要。
(3) 这些权利和自由的行使, 无论在任何情形下均不得违背联合国的宗旨和原则。

Article 30.

Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.

第 三 十 条

本宣言的任何条文, 不得解释为默许任何国家、集团或个人有权进行任何旨在破坏本宣言 的任何权利和自由的 活动和行为。

起草者
Drafted by
Yi Xiaoping in Surrey, B.C., Canada
Updated in San Rafael, California, U.S.A., and Changsha and DongAn, Hunan, China
易小平起草于加拿大、英哥伦比亚省、素里市
修正于美国加州圣拉非市、中国湖南长沙市和东安县