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His Majesty The King's Multi-Purpose Irrigation Projects


Visiting the Doi Inthanon Project at Chom Thong district, Chiang Mai province, on February 7, 1984.

Inspecting the Khek River Basin Development Project at Lom Sak district of Phetchabun province
(February 24, 1981).

A Ba Kong villager, Nut Anantranon, has been chosen to peddle the royal boat on the way to Ba Kong lotus pond.

Wherever he goes, His Majesty always carries maps to study the terrain of the place he is visiting.
    While staying at Klaikangwol Summer Palace in Hua Hin, Prachuab Khiri Khan Province, in 1963, Their Majesties the King and Queen visited a seaside village called Khao Tao in Nong Kae Subdistrict. There they saw how the villagers were plagued by chronic water shortage.
    His Majesty set out to find a solution to the problem, thus starting a string of projects aimed at providing water to drought-prone areas in various parts of the country. The King's logic is that if the people had enough water, for agriculture as well as for domestic consumption, they would stay where they are -- thus stemming mass migration from rural areas.
    At present the Rural Development Coordination Divition of the Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board coordinates the various royal-initiated rural development projects throughout the country. The projects cover everything from agriculture and fisheries, environment, public health, and communications to water resource development, with the latter taking the lion's share of the budget.
    The first royal-initiated project aimed at providing water for villagers was the construction of an earthen dam to block off sea water from seeping into waterways while preventing rainwater from flowing into the sea. The dam had a capacity of storing 600,000 cubic meters of water for irrigation and domestic consumption.
    That first project was followed by many others in nearly all the places visited by the King and Queen. Plans for the projects were mostly done by the King himself, after careful study based on data collected from various sources and from talking to villagers.
    Wherever he goes, His Majesty always carries maps to study the terrain of the place he is visiting. He then makes his own survey of the place and designs a plan for implementation by officials concerned.
    The royal-initiated projects are in response to people's petitions presented to the King during his visits to rural areas as well as to those sent to Office of His Majesty's Principal Private Secretary.
    Describing the projects, Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn siad in and interview: "In development a reservoir or irrigation system, comprehensive use of water is usually planned, such as for agriculture as well as domestic consumption. Lately, however, I've observed that His Majesty has been going into more details in water source development.
"In regulating the water flow, irrigation and flood control are considered. A sewerage system is also incorporated, to avoid future problems caused by changes in the flow or the level of water. Such changes affect other factors, such as soil quality. All these have to be taken into account.
"At the same time, His Majesty considers the availability of water for human and cattle consumption.
"In certain areas, agricultural practice covers more than rice planting. For example, kapok is usually planted in the Northeast. After harvest, people leave their kapok to soften in water sources. The rotting Kapok spoils the water, making it unfit for irrigating ricefields or for cattle consumption. Water use, therefore, has to be planned for kapok, ricefields, cattle and households.
All human factors must also be considered. In most cases, there are communities and ricefields on sites chosen for the construction of reservoirs. The pros and cons of losing land for cultivation and habitat in favor of benifits gained from the reservoirs, therefore, must be carefully calculated.
".....Moreover, His Majesty considers the available fund and the economy of the project. When a project is proposed, His Majesty first takes a look with his own eyes, and roughly estimates the profitability of the project to see it is worth the investment. Whenever anyone asks for a weir, a dam or a reservoir, he or she will be thoroughly questioned by His Majesty. Then he makes a plot of the project on his map, with the height and size of the structure preliminarily planned.
"His Majesty told me that he first studied carefully from engineers and irrigation experts in the royl entourage, or asked from his acquaintances. From such studies and observations, His Majesty gained more and more knowledge and experiences. Sometimes, he conceived ideas and related them to authorities, but made it clear that they were not royal commands to be strictly carried out. He listened to opposing views and was ready to amend his plans.
"His Majesty's plans are normally rough estimates, with the benefits gained by the people and the economy of the project as prime concerns. In certain instances, the structures are part to a bigger and comprehensive system requiring elaborate planning and large investment. In such cases, His Majesty would try to find ways to accommodate the population's short-term requirements, with long-term plans to be implemented later.
"Social conditions are also considers, not just the engineering aspects. All projects should benefit the local people. Otherwise, the rich and industries might move in and exploit the new developments and the people there. In short, technical and engineering knowledge should serve to solve social problems, not create them.
Princess Sirindhorn is in the best position to explain the King's projects. She has long served as His Majesty's private secretary, and has been intimately familiar and informed about the royal projects.
The Rural Development Coordination Divition summarizes royal-initiated water source development as:
1. His Majesty the King's initiatives are guidelines, not policies to be strictly followed. Each project comes with its feasibility studies.
2. People's participation is essential. Local people should be involved from the beginning. Should private land be utilized without compensation from the Government, the beneficiary and damaged parties have to consult with each other and reach a compromise. If the land issue cannot be solved, the project is shelved.
3. His Majesty the King believes in comprehensive planning, with problems that might arise in the future taken into consideration and solutions sought before they actually happen. This costs less in terms of money and emotions.
4. It has always beenHis Majesty's policy to construct small irrigation projects, scattered in a wide area, to solve the people's immediate problems. Large-scale projects need to be studied and planned, with the people's readiness and budget availability taken into full account.
Thai people are indeed lucky to have such a kind and magnanimous King, whose main concerns have always been the welfare and happiness of his subjects.
Long Live His Majesty the King!

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Information : "The Golden Jubilee of His Majesty" : ILLUSTRATED HANDBOOK OF PROJECTS UNDERTAKEN THROUGH ROYAL INITITIVE, The Office of His Majesty's Principle Private Secretary, Thailand, 1982.
: Amporn Samosorn, "His Majesty The King's Multi-Purpose Irrigation Projects," KINNAREE, Thai Airways International, December 1993, P. 36-37.