HPLS--Drug Research Project

Halcion--The Controversial Sleeping Pill

 

Halcion's generic name is Trizolam, which is a drug under the benzodiazepine category, which is a type of tranquilizer. However, Halcion cannot be purchased in its generic form.

Halcion is used to relieve nervousness and tension or to improve sleep disturbances--mainly insomnia. Halcion is habit forming, and therefore a prescription is needed to obtain the drug. To prevent habit forming, the prescription
must be followed exactly, and it is recommended that the patient not use it for more than two weeks, however, it may take six weeks for the full effect. Prolonged use may cause liver impairments. The medication is not the only part in treatment; the patient must also follow a regimen of psychotherapy, skills training, and lifestyle management. Treatment should not be ended without the consultation of the physician; when it is, it should be done slowly and gradually.

Side effects may include: stomach upset, blurred vision, headache, confusion, depression, impaired coordination, rapid heart beat, trembling, weakness, memory loss, hangover effect, dreaming or nightmares. However, these are the side effects for most benzodiazepines. The side effects in particular for Trizolam are dizziness and drowsiness.

Overdoes symptoms include drowsiness, weakness, tremor, stupor or coma.

Halcion is not to be taken if the patient suffers from an allergic reaction to benzodiazepines, has myasthenia gravis, is a recovering alcoholic, or is younger than six months. The patient must also consult their doctor of they have: liver, lung, or kidney disease, diabetes, epilepsy, porphyria, and if they will have surgery withing two months that will require a general or spinal anaesthesia.


Possible adverse reactions or side effects

Symptoms 

What to do 

Life Threatening: 

Common: 

Infrequent:

Hallucinations, confusion, irritability, depression, rash, itchy skin, change in vision.

Constipation or diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, difficult urination. 



Discontinue. Call doctor right away.


Continue. Call doctor when convenient. 

Rare:

Slow heartbeat, difficulty breathing. 



Discontinue. Seek emergency treatment. 



Possible Interactions with Other Drugs

Generic Name or Drug Class 

Combined Effect 

Anticonvulsants 

Change in seizure frequency or severity. 

Antidepressants 

Increased sedative in both drugs. 

Antihistamines 

Increased sedative in both drugs. 

Antihypertensives 

Excessively low blood pressure. 

Cimetidine 

Excess sedation. 

Disulfiram 

Increased trizolam effect. 

Dronabinol 

Increased effect of both drugs. Avoid. 

MAO Inhibitors 

Convulsions, deep sedations, rage. 

Molindone 

Increased sedative effect. 

Nabilone 

Greater depression of centra nervous system. 

Narcotics 

Increased sedatives of both drugs. 

Sedatives 

Increased sedatives of both drugs. 

Sleep Inducers 

Increased sedatives of both drugs. 

Tranquilizers 

Increased sedatives of both drugs. 



Possible Interactions with Other Substances

Interacts With 

Combined Effect 

Alcohol 

Heavy sedation. Avoid. 

Beverages 

None expected. 

Cocaine 

Decreased trizolam affect. 

Foods 

None expected. 

Marijuana 

Heavy sedation. Avoid. 

Tobacco 

Decreased trizolam effect. 



FDA seeks Justice Probe of Halcion Sleeping Pill

On May 31, 1996, the Food and Drug Administration suggested that federal prosecutors investigate whether or not the Upjohn Company hid safety concerns about the sleeping pill, Halcion. The FDA admitted making as mistake as they did not settle the issue in 1992.

Halcion can stay on the market because it appears safe since users follow instructions on the prescription label exactly.

The report doesn't end the fourteen year saga of Halcion, which was the world's top-selling sleeping pill until allegations arose that it could provoke violent psychiatric reactions.

Manufacturer, Pharmacia and Upjohn Inc., defended Halcion as safe. They have tested it many times since 1982, lowering doses and adding warning of the possible side effects on the label. They have now restricted ten pills to a package so patients do not overdose.

Britain banned the drug in 1991 and stated that Upjohn hid safety concerns that would have prevented the drug from ever being sold there. Meanwhile, in the United States, at least one-hundred law suits were filed against Halcion.

In 1993, U.S. pharmacists filled 2.6 million Halcion prescriptions, earning $50.6 million. The FDA said that Halcion prescription dropped 67 percent between 1987 and 1992, mainly due to negative publicity and new sleeping pill competitors.


Bibliography
Internet
http://noah.cuny.edu/illness/mentalhealth/cornell/medications/benzodiaz.html

General information on Benzodiazepines
http://www2.nando.net/newsroom/ntn/nation/053186/nation11_22362.html
FDA Seeks Justice Probe of Halcion Pill . . .
http://detnews.com/menu/stories/50360.htm
FDA Seeks Justice Probe of Halcion Pill . . .
Safeway Pharmacy - pamphlet on Benzodiazepines
General information on Benzodiazepines
Books - A Guide to Prescription and Non-Prescription Drugs, TRIZOLAM
In-depth information on Trizolam (Halcion's generic form)
Reference CD's - Family Doctor Fourth Edition, MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
Definiton for myasthenia gravis


Just to letchya know . . . I got 100% on this assignment . . .*grin* . . .


©1997 Mike McCarthy


michaelj@cable-lynx.net