" They make me drink
A lot of "hot" things
Assorted pills in the evening
Late at night, I lie in bed
And feel the blood
Pouring through my veins
It slightly rubs, with an annoying pain.
Through window near the bed
On which I lie,
Through the restless night,
I "hear" the sky softly getting light
The nights are unbearable.
At least there’s music in the day --
Music to rise from my blood, like vapour.
Ill vapour, from bad blood.
I know I'm not well,
But it doesn't frighten me anymore. "
From A Nora Guthrie Song
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
00202*2916824 002012*7746779
And now, time to enjoy some Egyptological Surprises !..
We resume our examination of some apparent : Clarifyed Zones, Logical Threads, Explanatory Turns and Glittering Discoveries of .. VIEWING THE MATTER OF PUNT WITH A 'RARELY-USED' LENS, LIKE THAT SUGGESTED BY THE POINTED-TO .. "INDIAN OCEAN MOUNTAIN OF ORIENT" THEORY:
{ A Continuation of Chapter No. 2 }
Hatshepsut's Phases Of Badness And Illness
With the use of the currently-popularized scientific art of 'Historical Fiction', we could lay down some imagined re-construction 'tale', to substitute a greatly-missing important part of Queen/ Hatshepsut's life story. The suggested re-construction story "Makere's Unknown Crises", was made to be quite fitting and homogeneous with the revised extraction of numerous writings about her, old and new. This comes in addition to what is seen as : 'logical', 'highly-probable' or 'factual', in view of the assessments of the "I.O.M.O." theory, and its partial studies that are presented here.
In "Makere's Unknown Crises", the author suggests an occurrence of some 'shelving' severe psychiatric troubles, .. being suffered-from by Hatshepsut at a time, during-which she had already been a 'Singularly Ruling Queen'. The troubles were given in the form of a case of 'neurosis' that was associated by a state of 'depression'. Such a difficult and crippling psychiatric condition, like the one described in the story, could naturally happen in the aftermath of what she heavily and continueously endured and withstood in her previous life, in order to succeed in her 'dashing' accession to the most dear and valuable throne of Egypt.
Winning the aegyptian throne, although may appear to us today as a 'peak-achievement' by her, is not assessed here in reality to be exceeding much the definition of a mere 'Cover-Goal' .. for a much better, plural and hyper-ethical, achievement. According to the viewings of this study, the real 'Super-Goal' of Makere's had been the winning of her 'Concealed War' against the Harshness, the Heartlessness and the Repression of the archaicly ancient royal system, that had been for very long imposing its detested and disgraceful pressures, over and against the females of the royalty, for hundreds of years.
In other words, she had wanted to .. reform : the royalty social internal-system, .. and terminate : the stereotyped abusing, degrading and humiliating attitudes of the 'pharaonic' males towards her own 'gender', at the royal level. -- It is also quite probable, that Ma'at-Ka-Raa's recordedly exaggerated inclinations for 'bombasting' about her own doings and for 'over-glorificating' herself, were not meant for the sake of selfish oneself-pleasing, .. but in reality, in order to establish : a long-living sense of respectfulness and semi-obedience, towards all women of the egyptian royal palace, including those who were contemporaneous and those who were yet to come in her foreseen-future !
As we know from the semi-factual chronicles of Dynasty XVIII, Makere impressively and surprisingly managed to win her 'stock' of miscellaneous limited-wars against the T'hotmosoid System .. and, unintentially maybe, against the T'hutmosoid Family itself as well ! Plainly, what she had accomplished ( with 'extra-palatine' help of-course ) should be considered as a historical un-militarized "Coup D'Etat". This major 'scoring' of her life was not to be attained easily nor swiftly. She deliberately let herself live, for years and nearly continueously, under a hightened level of anxiety and stress, and 'over-patience', .. that far surmounted what was usually normal for her subdued 18th Dynasty female peers... Surely, they all entered suddenly a far better 'era' for themselves, their interests and their hopes,
.. with the total teriumph of their 'Geniuss' and 'Championess' : Ma'at-Ka-Raa !
Like some examples from the 20th century, the amazing success of Hatshepsut's Feminity Revolution .. had its high prices that had to be paid later by the 'revolutionist' herself. This was actually 'materialized' through the damages that happened to her own health. The reasons are not to be minimized with the reveal of only the impacts of the anxiety/stress prolonged periods. Moreover, there had been some 'insufficiently-ethical-mistakes' and 'not-fair-enough-play', from her side and especially with respect to some members of her closest relatives. Ma'at-Ka-Raa's streak of blunders or faul-play acts could be considered as some strong sources of the healthwise agonizing phases, that were to attack her later, during her Queenhood time.
In the tale of "Makere's Unknown Crises" .. the prices that were to be paid by Hatshepsut for her gross infidelities and conspiratorial tricks, are given with a definition of essence, that far surpassed the Psychiatric Boundaries. Moving that definition from the 'fiction' state to the 'factual' one, we unprecedentedly and seriously declare and register that :
" QUEEN/ "HAT-SHEP-SUT" OF AEGYPT'S 'DYNASTY EIGHTEEN' HAS BEEN FOUND TO HAD BEEN A SUFFERER OF A PHYSICAL 'LEFT-HALF PARALYSIS' -- THE SAME HEALTH-CASE WHICH IS NOW NAMED IN MODERN MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY WITH : "LEFT HEMIPLGIA" ".
This acute and previously-stubborn human desease, which causes a general kind of paralysis in the left-side of the body, is seen by this researchful "I.O.M.O." partial-study to have been the chief reason for Hatshepsut's 'medical treatment/purifying pilgrimage' voyage to the land that had been called by the Ancient Aegyptians : "The Land Of The Gods".
... And only very lately, we have become able to present a rigidly supporting 'archaeological' proof for that very modern hypothesis.
Given that it had been quite impossible for the frequently accurate ancient egyptian sculptor, to deviate from the reality of a queenly physique, and unpurposely exhibit an unreal and eminent destortion of a 'pharaonic' facial appearance, the following work is given to confirmly prove the matter of Queen/ Hatshepsut's Agonizing Desease.
As if 'coming up' for aiding strongly the writer of these files [!] .. the undesputedly 'Honest' Ancient Sculptor has delivered to us, from hundreds of years ago, an undeniable evidence on the right identification of Makere's Assumed Desease. The previously natural and beautiful curvature of Makere's right cheek (seen in the sculpture photo presented at an earlier part of this chapter ) was obviously deformed in this last photo of a statue, to indicate an acute state of loosness in the left-side facial muscles. The distortion of the lower jaw of the most famous queen, to her much firmer right-side, was so severe to the extent of clearly showing in the surprisingly strange dangling-angle of the artificial beard, which was exhibited to appear not-vertical at all.
The evidence matches to a great extent the special analytical paths that have been adopted by the "I.O.M.O." Theory, from the very beginning, and even prior to the writer's discovery of an existance of such a highly dyagnostic artifact ! -- And how relieving is the feeling of an adventerous researcher, when he comes across something supporting, that is so 'strong' like this, during the time it is needed most !
Prior to the finding of this image of a Hatshepsut Statue, it was already assumed through these studies that she must had fallen badly ill, with some trouble in her nervous system, but without a certain diagnosis of-course. Her special 'heroic/mutinous' character and her 'stone-splitting' determination to change the offensive local-world surrounding her, certainly did not give us any definable predictions about any possible escape of hers, from the fate of falling terribly ill, .. due to what she had chosen to subject herself to, in real life.
On seeing the above photo of a Hatshepsutian Statue and knowing about the specific medical case that is identifiable by it, some researchers and biographers of Dynasty XVIII who are meticulous and experienced ( or simply 'hard-working' ) may say to themselves :
- "Hmmm ! So that's why J. Vandier has come to notice that Hatshepsut had been shown in her many statues, nearly-always, in a 'SEATED' position only ! And additionally, in her 'seated-statues' she was generally shown with her hands 'FLAT', on her knees !"...
Moreover, and without any need to remember a previously stated remark of any known egyptologist, the pointed-to researchers and biographers of Dynasty XVIII can easily recall that Queen/ Hatshepsut was not found to be depicted, in the wall scenes of "Djeser Djeseru" and also outside it, as if she 'had been directly and physically received' by the "Indian-Oceanic" Chief and his Wife, on the arrival of 'Her Majesty' to the Land Of Pu'nat'... The 'Olde Why' about that apparently unexpected matter has now become very easily answerable with :
- "Yes of course ! She might have 'REJECTED', and stubbornly because of her magnified "pharaonic-pride", to be 'officially' recieved in front of the "Punatine People", in a way that could permit them all to notice that : The Summit-Queen Of The Great Aegypt/ HAT-SHEP-SUT, had been brought to their land and wandered about there, always, in a 'SEATED' position only !"...
These researchers and biographers of Dynasty XVIII can also re-think about the showing keenness of the expedition to Pu'nat', on bringing huge loads of "Myrrh" from there to Egypt. In general, a widely-felt Hatshepsutian concentration on the subject of "Myrrh" is re-detectable, if we come to review all its mentioning 'phrases', on the walls of "Djeser Djeseru". Now neither "They", nor "We", should wonder haphazardly and unguidedly about a verification for that important feature. With respect to it, what we may 'relax' our minds with, can be some reading about the "Indian Myrrh" in specific. Like that which follows :
- "The "Guggulu" ( "Commephora Mukul" ), which is a pungent, astringent, aromatic herb, is also known as "Indian Myrrh". Ayurvedic Herbalism uses "Guggulu" to improve: blood circulation, metabolism, digestion, immunity, and nervous system. It was also used to counteract: blood impurities, cracking joints, constipation, coldness, chills, dryness, and pains. The "Mukul" is a gum closely related to myrrh and has similar properties in its ability to reduce blood cholesterol. Mukul works to dis-infect secretions, including mucus, sweat and urination,
and helps heal the skin and mucous membranes. While not nutritive in itself, "Guggulu" catalyzes tissue regeneration, particularly nerve tissue. It also reduces fat, toxins, tumors, and necrotic ( dead ) tissue."...
On reading this, the well-known 'tiding' on the obtainment of big amounts of "Punatine Myrrh" by the Famous Hatshepsutian Marine-Expedition, becomes now much more logical and understandable, .. and that is if, and only if, we have already believed in the truthfulness of discovering the specified drastic health-case of Makere : The Now Assumed 'Hemiplegia'... Which is most likely the accurately defining one, among all 'ancient deseases', of her actual acute physical-state at the timing of her journay to Pu'nat', .. and in addition to that, in nearly perfect homogeneity with her 'Hardship-Phase' of pre-queening life.
With nearly-thorough medical and pharmaceutical readings on that magical substance, we naturally conclude that the relationship of "Indian Myrrh" to the treatment and curing of 'Hemiplegia', is as obvious as : 'The Sun At Noon In A Clear Summer Sky' !
In the ancient times, myrrh had been used in Egypt for embalming the bodies of Pharaohs, and frankincense had been used in India to make incense for worship. Myrrh and frankincense were traded throughout the Intermediate East and the Near East, at least since 1500 B.C., .. which is exactly at the reigning time of Hatshepsut's Family in Egypt !
The study of only 'samples' of the Hatshepsutian Texts, can make us behold not only a mere 'interest' by her in "Myrrh", but also something like a 'belief' in the power, or maybe the sacredness, of this precious material, .. that had been brought from the "Land Of The Lord", or what the egypyologists always called with "PUNT" :
- " THE ORDER WAS HEARD FROM THE GREATEST THRONE .... IT WAS AN INSPIRATION, FROM THE LORD HIMSELF, TO EXPLORE THE PATH TO THE COUNTRIES OF PU'NAT' .... AND TO BREAKTHROUGH THE TRACKS, TO THE TIERS OF THE TREES OF MYRRH ".
- " I SHALL LEAD THE FORCE THROUGH THE WATER, AND ON THE EARTH, TO BRING THE MAGNIFICENCES FROM THE LAND OF THE LORD .... ".
- " I HAVE LED THEM ON THE SEA SURFACE AND ACROSS THE LAND TO EXPLORE THE DIFFICULT WATER FLOWING-WAYS, THAT RESIST THEIR REACHING .... THEN I ARRIVED TO THE TIERS OF THE MYRRH TREES ".
- " VERNAL-FRESH TREES OF MYRRH, WITH GREAT NUMBERS FROM THE WONDERS OF PU'NAT''S LAND. NOTHING LIKE THAT EVER HAPPENED IN ANY ERA OF THE PAST GODS' ERAS, FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE CREATION ".
- " MAKERE .. COVERING HER LIMBS WITH THE BEST KINDS OF MYRRH, SCENTING FROM HER THE ODOUR OF GODLY DEW .... ".
- " I HAVE LISTENED TO MY FATHER'S VOICE .. AS HE ORDERED ME TO CONSTRUCT PU'NAT' IN HIS TEMPLE, AND PLANT WITHIN IT THE TREES OF THE LORD'S LAND, AND IN HIS GARDEN ".
The general impression/conclusion that we can get from such "Post-Voyage Texts", can hardly side-step an understanding of the very much better health, that Makere came back with from Pu'nat', after being treated and almost cured by the "Indian-Oceanic Physicians", with a principle use of the wonderful medicine : "Commephora Mukul", which could be called also : "Indian Myrrh".
The texts of Harshepsut that were inscribed after her "Come-Back", clearly exhibit a lady that feels "Just-Fine", and sometimes maybe "Marvelous", about herself once again in her life. She seemed to evince a certain bundle of reshaped and rectified sensations, .. as if she had become : 'Blessed-Like' ; 'Self-Purified' ; 'Re-Elevated' ; 'Re-Delighted' ; 'Health-Regained' ; 'Self-Confident-Again' ; 'Teriumphant-Against-Agony' ; 'Proud-In-Face-Of-Her-Criticizers' ; ... and more.
One of the phrases that are most evincive of such a renewed general state, of a Makere that had come-back 'very cheerful' from abroad, is the following absolutely 'unique' phrase :
.
- " MAKERE .. COVERING HER LIMBS WITH THE BEST KINDS OF MYRRH. SCENTING FROM HER IS THE ODOUR OF GODLY DEW. AND FLOWING-OUT FROM HER ARE THE PERFUMES OF PUNT. AND HER DERMA IS DEPICTED WITH PURE GOLD. SPARKLING LIKE STARS AMIDST THE HALL OF CELEBRATION, ON TOP OF ALL THE COUNTRIES ".
This last inspiring litteratura phrase, couldn't be in harmony with a Makere that had attended the 'back-home' festivities in a crippled state... And she was not mentioned to 'sound' as if only healthy, but as if also elegant and charming. -- It really seems to the author of this study, that those Ancient "Indian-Oceanic Physicians and Pharmacists" .. really knew well 'What They Were Doing' !!
In fact, the totality of the "Post-Voyage Texts" impress us with an image of a 'Rejuvenated' Makere that had attended those festivities in an appearance of hightened self-content and exhibitive merriness, .. and that's basically because she had previously suffered a lot, physically, mentally and morally, from her acute and stubborn case of "Left Hemiplegia", .. before she had gone abroad and had been rescued by the effective recourses of Pu'nat'.
Same as what happens with Modern-Age Characters, who may be Queens, Princesses or Noblewomen, .. Queen/ Hatshepsut very naturally developed a magnified interest in aiding common people, in aspects of Medicine/Pharmacopy, .. and to the degree of fondness ! For analytical reasons, we are nearly 'obliged' to say it happened surely due to her subjection to the very afflicting "Hemiplegia" experience, .. and possibly because of the health condition of her elder daughter "Neferu-Raa" ( No-less than the most-elevated and most-trusted official "Senenmut", was appointed her "Great-Male-Nurse" ! ). After Hatshepsut was cured, mainly with the magical "Myrrh", she cleverly and generously wanted that substance to be cultivated in 'economic' quantities, in "Al-Barr Al-Gharby" (
Modern naming for the district west of Nile, in the territory of Thebes ), .. so as to be easily available for the treating of any of Egypt's ill people, who might need it in their medications... It was a good and thoughtful act of hers, that was very much homogeneous with the picture of 'Her-People's-Friend', which was a basic constituent of her 'Ruling-Policy', .. as a woman who managed to clinch the rule from men.
Was "Djeser-Djeseru" a Temple and also a 'Clinic' ?!...
The answer of this "I.O.M.O." study surely is : "And why not ?!"...
It is an answer that is remarkably supported by the account of Bruno Holioua, which says : "The clinics were foundations that existed in the temples. The patients seeking curing have started to pay repeating-visits to them since the end of the Empire, and during the entire Ptolemaic Period. Two temples of them, which were 'Hatshepsut's Temple' and 'The Temple of Dandara', were subjected to description in that line, that reached us. The first of them, sculpted in the mountain by order of Queen Hatshepsut, lies in "Al-Deir Al-Bahary" in Egypt's "Sa'ieed" [ 'Uppered' ], in front of Thebes, on the western bank of the Nile River. .... This temple had been receiving the patients in the first prayer-haven of two, that were included
within it. There, it happened that a steady voice was made to be issued at night, to specify the treatment medications [!!]".
Among the ancient deseases that are known to us Makere's illness could not be considered only as a 'common' or a 'moderate' case, with the standards of the B.C. 15th century...
Within the researchful efforts of these "Indian-Ocean Mountain of Orient" studies, we couldn't find till now any ancient egyptian texts, dating back to the Middle Kingdom or before, which spoke about a specific illness, that should be identified as what is now named "Hemiparalysis". We think that this indicates a scarcity of the desease in Ancient Egypt, and at the same time a very much minimized knowledge about its possible remedies and treatments. In turn, this last conclusion means to us that Hatshepsut was very possibly living with it, with some exaggerated sensations of shamefulness ( because she felt as if "solely-chosen" to have that "new" desease ! ), and of hopelessness ( because she understood that the contemporaneous Egyptian "Medicine and Pharmacopy" were not able to deal with it ). If we add that
to the possible depression that naturally accompanies the "Hemiparalysis", with all the physically agonizing symptoms of that desease, .. we may deduce that the assumed circumstances of the historical-fiction story "Makere's Unknown Crises", could be moderately acceptable among numerous modern egyptologists, with the progression of time.
The bodily symptoms of the "Left-Hemiparalysis" desease itself are much more severe and various, than what is usually thought by a 'layman' who is far from the studies of medicine and pharmacology. For instance, its left-side crippling and laming could be accompanied by some negative change or decrease in one of the normal capabilities of : Insight ; Space/Volume Perception ; 'Graphical' Awareness ; Shape Imagination ; Hearing Clarity/Precision of Sound ( including Music ). Following a 'brain-stroke' that causes unilateral paralysis, the patient's anxiety, fear, and frustration are enormous. Many stroke survivors initially suffer confusion that makes it impossible to do the simplest mental tasks. They often feel helpless and dependent, and their sense of self-worth
is diminished. Determination is essential in overcoming the effects of a stroke. Patients must be willing to adapt to the disability and be convinced that by therapy they will improve. It has to be stressed that the will to recover does pay off. Nothing helps raise the body and spirit of the survivor of a recent stroke like seeing how their own hard work helps their recovery.
According to such an account, a powerful 'stain-less steel' will to recover, like Hatshepsut's [!], would have been very much aiding to her to 'put-up' her determination to lead a risky and adventurous expedition to a very remote country like the "Land of the Indian Ocean Mountain of Origin", to elute herself and get cured ! Had she grown up to be a coward and a fragile woman, she more probably would have, consequently, stayed with her illness in Egypt !..
But Brave Makere did the contrary ..! She took her chances to their 'farthest' limits, .. and grabed her Curing, like she had previously grabbed the throne ..!!
A 1ST MEDICAL APPENDIX FOR MAKERE'S ACUTE ILLNESS
Since in our modern times, the neurologist-physicians of today know so much about the nature of "Hemiplegia", which has been the case of Makere's Acute Illness, we found that the reviewing of some of its pathological/clinical studies might be considerably helpful for the egyptological purposes. We expected that numerous readers could find it quite 'interesting', or maybe even 'instructive', to know nearly-exactly how terrible were the illness-sufferings, of a very famous queen like Hatshepsut ( If that special line of research gets completed, someday ! ). Those organic sufferings are also seen to be the main causing factors of what forced that female-pharaoh, so as to leave Egypt for Punt. What we understand now is that she had 'uniquely' departed her country, in
order to seek her life-saving medical treatment, together with her self-elution, in the land of the "Indian-Ocean Mountain of Orient".
We made a somewhat 'innovated' try, to get closer to that aim here, by resorting to the 20th century Medical/Pharmaceutical knowledge on "Hemiplegia" and "Left-Hemiplegia" ( In almost all cases : Left Brain Injury causes Right-Hemiplegia, while Right Brain Injury causes Left Hemiplegia). It is possible that the researching-reader may find in this medical appendix a foundation for some re-adjustment and re-addition of data and information on Dynasty 18 Egypt, through his further studies. -- For the redacting purposes of this study, some extra definitions of the most difficult medical-terms were supplied, inbetween brackets, by the egyptological author himself. Also a great deal of Montage was made in hope of reaching an unprolonged concentration-text, on what matches
the Queen's Case-History most, or what may likely turn-out to be so with future extensive researching :
- According to H. Elwaany :
(( Hemiplegia ))
Definition: Hemiplegia means paralysis of one side of the body due to pyramidal tract lesion at any point from it's origin in the cerebral cortex down to the fifth cervical segment of the spinal cord.
Causes:
I. VASCULAR : These are the most common.
1. Thrombotic : Due to:
a) Desease of the blood vessel wall...
b) Disease of the blood...
c) Slow circulation...
2. Embolic : The origin of the embolus may be :
a) Heart...
b) Lung...
c) Distal vessels...
3. Haemorrhagic :
a) Hypertension.
b) Rupture of intracranial aneurysm [ the widened blood vessel with a sac of clottable blood-mass ].
c) Haemorrhagic blood disease...
II. INFECTIVE...
III. NEOPLASTIC [Of The Neoplasm]...
IV. DEMYELINATING [Of A Myelin Sheeth Desease]...
V. TRAUMATIC...
VI. CONGENITAL [Of Birth Time]...
VII. HYSTERICAL...
CLINICAL PICTURE :
Onset and Course: They vary according to the cause.
- Acute onset and regressive course (thrombotic and embolic lesions).
- Gradual onset and progressive course (neoplastic lesions).
- Remittent and relapsed course...
.
Symptoms and Signs: These are found on the hemiplegic side.
1. Paralysis: This involves one side of the body and affects the distal more than the proximal muscles; and the progravity more than the antigravity muscles...
2. Disturbance of Muscle Tone:
Acute Lesions (vascular, inflammatory, traumatic ):
There is a complete loss of muscle tone which may last 2-6 weeks due to the stage of neuronal shock...
Gradual Lesions (neoplastic):
There is no shock stage and spasticity develops from the start...
3. Disturbance of Deep Reflexes:
Acute Lesions : The deep reflexes are lost during the stage of neuronal shock, this is followed by hyperreflexia.
Gradual Lesions : The deep reflexes are exaggerated from the start; and pathological reflexes as the adductor and patellar may be elicited.
4. Loss of Superficial Reflexes: The abdominal and cremasteric reflexes are lost.
PATHOGENESIS OF CEREBROVASCULAR INSUFFICIENCY :
Atherosclerosis [localised accumulations of lipids-deposits within blood-vessels] is by far, the commonest cause of thrombotic lesions of the brain; it may be associated with a large variety of conditions known as risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, chronic stress, exessive smoking...).
Atheromatous [of thickened wall of arteries] plaques narrow the lumen of the vessels; their rough surface allows the aggregation of the platelets with further reduction and preventation of blood flow. The release of several substances (thromboxane A2 and platelet factor 3 etc...) from the clump of platelets leads to :
1. Vasoconstriction.
2. Activation of blood coagulation with the conversion of fibrogen to fibrin resulting in clot formation.
Also fragments of atheroma and of thrombi pass into the circulation and act as emboli.
RBC [Red Blood Count] Abnormalities, also play a role in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular insufficiency. Normal RBCs are highly deformable to allow them to pass easily through small capillaries; while rigid cells retain their shape, making it difficult for them to pass through the microcirculation of the brain, leading to their aggregation and increased blood viscosity.
All these processes lead to a reduction of cerebral blood flow and thus ischaemia [localised anemia due to constricted circulation] of the brain cells; causing a reduction of their O2 and glucose consumption, a reduction of their metabolic activity and thus a disturbance of their function.
If the ischaemia lasts for a very short period, then its clinical manifestations will be transient (TIA) ; however if it lasts longer there will be cerebral infraction and the clinical manifestations will be permanent (stroke).
- According to Costantine Omansky : The sudden and swift rising in blood-pressure, and its lowering too, cause hazardous complications. Such an acute crisis inevitably causes a disturbance in the blood-circulation of the brain, leading to a haemorrhage of blood within it and a sudden functional failure of the heart... ._._._. What are the reasons that lead to the development of that desease which is related to the blood-vessels ? With regret, sometimes it is not possible to discover the real reason. But we notice that the acute rise in pressure occurs in most cases after severe irritations and cases of criticalities. What are the symptoms of that desease ? Usually the patient firstly feels the headache that increases sharply. ._._. Sometimes, the
vision is negatively affected, and the hearing ability decreases. Or a buzz evinces in the ears. In addition to the drowsiness....or the anxiety....with palpitations of the heart, and the feeling of stinging at the left-side of the chest ... ._._._. But .. what is the meaning of the phrase "Disorder Of The Blood Circulation In The Brain" ? The Physicians usually use terms like : Brain Stroke ( Insultus ), Brain Haemorrhage ( Haemorrhagia Cerebralis ), Clot-Formation ( Thrombosis ) or Sudden Obstruction ( Embolia ). ._._. The "Disorder Of The Blood Circulation In The Brain" is a general _expression that includes all what is mentioned above. ._._._. What are the reasons that cause the haemorrhage or the clot formation ? ._._. ...the main reason is the increase of the vascular deformations. These deformations occur as a result to the disturbance of the vascular
walls nutritioning, their hardening, and other reasons. Knowing that, the rise in blood pressure for a long period of time, plays a big role in deforming the walls of blood vessels, and that the acute blood hypertension, specifically, leads according to these deformations to a tearing in the wall of blood vessel, and hence to the occurrence of the blood haemorrhage. ._._._. The Disorder Of The Blood Circulation In The Brain, intensifies in a marked way, at the obstruction of the vessels and the haemorrhage. Whereas at the clot-formating it develops comparatively slowly ._._._. Only rarely, the person is attacked by the stroke at the state of stillness .. Rather, he is hit with it usually at the state of active work, when he feels an acute pain in his head. Right after that, or about simultaneously, he starts vomiting. The face of the patient gets reddened tremendously, and he loses concious. His breathing gets
heard in the form of quick murmuring .. His pulse-beats are noticed to accelerate. It is possible that, at the same time, a unilateral paralysis turns out. Which means a paralysis of an arm and a leg, and most probably the lower sector of the face is hit with the paralysis too. In the same side of the body, sometimes, the sensitivity decreases sharply. ._._._. At the cases of haemorrhage the brain tissue expands under the effect of the blood clotting, and a swelling of the region surrounding the spot results, only to diminish back gradually, later. Moreover, the blood supply partially continues, with a dependence on the adjacent vessels. Due to that, the volume of the injury focus decreases gradually, in a number of cases. . _. _. Thereby, part of the lost functions, like movements and speech, and else, gets retrieved with a recognizable speed.
- According to Paul Achuff : In 1881, Jules Bernard Luys published a paper proposing the existence of an "emotion" center in the right hemisphere complementary to the "intellectual" centers in the left hemisphere (Harrington, 1995). His theory arose from the distinct and constant personality differences he saw in patients suffering from hemiplegia. Patients suffering from right hemiplegia were more passive and apathetic, whereas patients suffering from left hemiplegia were more emotionally volatile. Luys believed the
discrepancy in affect was the result of the destruction of the normal inhibiting center for emotion in the right hemisphere since motor control occurs
contralaterally. While historic studies of emotion have implicated the right hemisphere as the seat of emotion, this idea is not entirely true. ._._. A lesion to the left hemisphere generally results in feelings of anxiety, despair, or anger, whereas a lesion to the right hemisphere can result in emotional placidity or indifference toward failure. Moreover, depression may impair right hemisphere functioning, and anxiousness may impair left hemisphere functioning (Tucker, 1987). Furthermore, damage to the left hemisphere is more likely to result in a catastrophic depressive reaction than is nalogous damage to the right hemisphere (Goldstein, 1939). ._._._. Two general theories of emotional asymmetry have been proposed. The right hemisphere hypothesis posits that the right hemisphere is dominant over the left hemisphere for all forms of emotional _expression and perception. The valence hypothesis states
that hemispheric asymmetry for _expression and perception of emotions depends on emotional valence; the right hemisphere is dominant for negative emotions and the left hemisphere is dominant for positive emotions (Hellige, 1993). ._._._. Behavioral evidence supports the theory that the right hemisphere is dominant for expressing and perceiving emotion, irrespective of valence. For instance, the left side of the face is more emotionally expressive than the right side. ._._._. Studies have supported the idea that right hemisphere damage interferes with the perception of emotion more than equivalent left hemisphere damage. In one recent study, patients with right hemisphere damage showed significant impairment during discrimination and identification tasks involving emotional words than on analogous tasks involving nonemotional words. Controls with left hemisphere damage did not show the same
disassociation (Borod et al., 1992...).
Depression resulting from a stroke is one of the most difficult factors for a spouse and family to deal with. A certain amount of crying, though upsetting to the family, may be a natural and normal emotional response to the stroke survivor's greatly changed circumstances. However, chemical changes caused by stroke may result in deeper depression and apathy, with the survivor appearing passive and detached, a state that will usually improve with time.
Often, excessive crying seems to have little relationship to sadness or what is happening around the survivor. This loss of emotional control due to brain injury is called emotional lability.
Someone who is emotionally labile may not be sad when crying, happy when laughing, or angry when appearing hostile. If possible, interrupting the emotional behaviour of such a person (by clapping hands or snapping fingers) is usually a good idea, saving them embarrassment and fatigue.
Changes in personality and emotional response are common after a stroke. The type, size and location of a stroke, as well as the individual's previous personality all have a bearing on what these changes will be. The stroke survivor may seem a different person, showing feelings of anger, caution or anxiety that are completely out of character. The affected individual may also feel this-and feel less of a person.
________________________________
